diff --git a/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/azure/ai/agentserver/core/server/base.py b/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/azure/ai/agentserver/core/server/base.py
index 7a9f488227a7..1991a8803aa7 100644
--- a/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/azure/ai/agentserver/core/server/base.py
+++ b/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/azure/ai/agentserver/core/server/base.py
@@ -111,10 +111,17 @@ async def runs_endpoint(request):
             # Set up tracing context and span
             context = request.state.agent_run_context
             ctx = request_context.get()
+            # Extract W3C trace context from incoming request headers so the
+            # server span becomes a child of the caller's span when a
+            # traceparent header is present.
+            parent_ctx = TraceContextTextMapPropagator().extract(
+                carrier=request.headers
+            )
             with self.tracer.start_as_current_span(
                 name=f"HostedAgents-{context.response_id}",
                 attributes=ctx,
                 kind=trace.SpanKind.SERVER,
+                context=parent_ctx,
             ):
                 try:
                     logger.info("Start processing CreateResponse request.")
diff --git a/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/tests/test_trace_context_propagation.py b/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/tests/test_trace_context_propagation.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..eb296b8ca327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/agentserver/azure-ai-agentserver-core/tests/test_trace_context_propagation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Unit tests for W3C trace context propagation in the hosted agent server."""
+
+import pytest
+from opentelemetry import trace, context
+from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
+from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import SimpleSpanProcessor, SpanExporter, SpanExportResult
+from opentelemetry.trace.propagation.tracecontext import TraceContextTextMapPropagator
+
+
+class ListSpanExporter(SpanExporter):
+    """A minimal span exporter that collects finished spans into a list."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.spans = []
+
+    def export(self, spans):
+        self.spans.extend(spans)
+        return SpanExportResult.SUCCESS
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        pass
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self.spans.clear()
+
+
+# Module-level provider (OTel only allows setting the global provider once)
+_exporter = ListSpanExporter()
+_provider = TracerProvider()
+_provider.add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(_exporter))
+trace.set_tracer_provider(_provider)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _clear_spans():
+    """Clear collected spans before each test."""
+    _exporter.clear()
+    yield
+
+
+class TestTraceContextPropagation:
+    """Tests for W3C traceparent header extraction in runs_endpoint."""
+
+    def _make_traceparent(self):
+        """Create a traceparent header from a fresh span context."""
+        tracer = trace.get_tracer("test-client")
+        with tracer.start_as_current_span("client-call") as span:
+            ctx = span.get_span_context()
+            carrier = {}
+            TraceContextTextMapPropagator().inject(carrier)
+        return carrier["traceparent"], ctx.trace_id, ctx.span_id
+
+    def test_server_span_parents_to_incoming_traceparent(self):
+        """When a request carries a traceparent header, the server span must
+        become a child of that trace (same trace_id, parent_span_id matches)."""
+        traceparent, parent_trace_id, parent_span_id = self._make_traceparent()
+
+        # Simulate what the server does: extract and start span with parent context
+        server_tracer = trace.get_tracer("azure.ai.agentserver")
+        incoming_headers = {"traceparent": traceparent}
+        extracted_ctx = TraceContextTextMapPropagator().extract(carrier=incoming_headers)
+
+        with server_tracer.start_as_current_span(
+            name="HostedAgents-test",
+            kind=trace.SpanKind.SERVER,
+            context=extracted_ctx,
+        ) as server_span:
+            server_ctx = server_span.get_span_context()
+
+        assert server_ctx.trace_id == parent_trace_id, (
+            f"Server span trace_id {server_ctx.trace_id:#034x} should match "
+            f"parent trace_id {parent_trace_id:#034x}"
+        )
+
+        server_spans = [s for s in _exporter.spans if s.name == "HostedAgents-test"]
+        assert len(server_spans) == 1
+        assert server_spans[0].parent.span_id == parent_span_id
+
+    def test_server_span_is_root_without_traceparent(self):
+        """When no traceparent header is present, the server span must be a
+        root span (no parent, new trace_id)."""
+        server_tracer = trace.get_tracer("azure.ai.agentserver")
+        incoming_headers = {}
+        extracted_ctx = TraceContextTextMapPropagator().extract(carrier=incoming_headers)
+
+        with server_tracer.start_as_current_span(
+            name="HostedAgents-no-parent",
+            kind=trace.SpanKind.SERVER,
+            context=extracted_ctx,
+        ):
+            pass
+
+        server_spans = [s for s in _exporter.spans if s.name == "HostedAgents-no-parent"]
+        assert len(server_spans) == 1
+        assert server_spans[0].parent is None, "Server span should be root when no traceparent is sent"
+
+    def test_traceparent_header_case_insensitive(self):
+        """Starlette's request.headers is a case-insensitive mapping, so
+        mixed-case header keys are handled by the framework, not by our code.
+        This test verifies the propagator works with the lowercase key that
+        Starlette normalizes headers to."""
+        traceparent, parent_trace_id, _ = self._make_traceparent()
+
+        # Starlette normalizes all header keys to lowercase
+        server_tracer = trace.get_tracer("azure.ai.agentserver")
+        incoming_headers = {"traceparent": traceparent}
+        extracted_ctx = TraceContextTextMapPropagator().extract(carrier=incoming_headers)
+
+        with server_tracer.start_as_current_span(
+            name="HostedAgents-case-test",
+            kind=trace.SpanKind.SERVER,
+            context=extracted_ctx,
+        ) as server_span:
+            server_ctx = server_span.get_span_context()
+
+        assert server_ctx.trace_id == parent_trace_id