feat: 新增 VQE（变分量子本征求解器）模块#20
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- PauliHamiltonian: Hamiltonian as weighted sum of Pauli strings - hardware_efficient_ansatz & ry_linear_ansatz: parameterized circuits - measure_expectation: Pauli term expectation via probability readout - VQESolver: hybrid quantum-classical optimization loop - 3 sample scripts (H2 molecule, optimizer comparison, Heisenberg model) - VQE_README.md: setup guide with algorithm explanation (Chinese) - Compatible with Python 3.11/3.12/3.13 Author: Bai
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概述
新增 VQE（Variational Quantum Eigensolver）模块，实现基于变分原理的量子-经典混合优化求解器，用于求解哈密顿量的最小本征值（基态能量）。
新增文件
VQE/__init__.pyVQE/hamiltonian.pyVQE/ansatz.pyVQE/measurement.pyVQE/vqe_solver.pyVQE/VQE_README.mdVQE/sample_01_h2_molecule.pyVQE/sample_02_optimizer_comparison.pyVQE/sample_03_custom_hamiltonian.py修改文件
pyqpanda_alg/__init__.py：启用from . import VQE（原代码已有注释占位）测试结果
设计说明
CPUQVM+get_prob_list()获取概率分布（与项目其他模块一致）Author: Bai