diff --git a/__mocks__/rdflib.ts b/__mocks__/rdflib.ts
index dbf997ae0..f5bdb23ea 100644
--- a/__mocks__/rdflib.ts
+++ b/__mocks__/rdflib.ts
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ export class Fetcher {
   nowOrWhenFetched () {
     return Promise.resolve()
   }
+
+  putBack () {
+    return Promise.resolve()
+  }
 }
 
 export class UpdateManager {
diff --git a/src/widgets/forms.js b/src/widgets/forms.js
index 5aef219e3..f2e987060 100644
--- a/src/widgets/forms.js
+++ b/src/widgets/forms.js
@@ -477,11 +477,18 @@ field[ns.ui('Multiple').uri] = function (
 
   function createListIfNecessary () {
     if (!list) {
-      list = new $rdf.Collection()
-      if (reverse) {
-        kb.add(list, property, subject, dataDoc)
+      // Recover from a stale list reference: check the store for an existing list head
+      // before creating a new one (avoids duplicate heads after document reload).
+      const existing = reverse ? kb.any(null, property, subject, dataDoc) : kb.any(subject, property, null, dataDoc)
+      if (existing && existing.termType === 'Collection') {
+        list = existing
       } else {
-        kb.add(subject, property, list, dataDoc)
+        list = new $rdf.Collection()
+        if (reverse) {
+          kb.add(list, property, subject, dataDoc)
+        } else {
+          kb.add(subject, property, list, dataDoc)
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -490,6 +497,36 @@ field[ns.ui('Multiple').uri] = function (
     debug.log('save list: ' + debugString(list.elements)) // 20191214
 
     createListIfNecessary()
+
+    // Re-create the Collection from the current elements before saving.
+    //
+    // rdflib's IndexedFormula indexes Collections by their *element content*
+    // (not by object identity). After list.elements is mutated (by addItem,
+    // deleteThisItem, or moveThisItem), the existing store statement is indexed
+    // under the OLD element content key. Calling removeMany() — which uses the
+    // CURRENT (mutated) element content to look up the index entry — fails to
+    // find it and throws "Statement to be removed is not on store".
+    //
+    // Calling statementsMatching() with a null object finds the statement via
+    // the subject/predicate index (bypassing the stale object index), and
+    // removeStatement() removes it from the statements array and cleans up
+    // the non-stale index entries, safely skipping the stale object-index entry
+    // (it is undefined after mutation, so the `if (!this.index[p][h])` guard fires).
+    //
+    // Rebuilding a fresh Collection with the current elements ensures the new
+    // store entry is correctly indexed, preventing duplicate heads on re-fetch.
+    const currentElements = list.elements.slice()
+    const oldStatements = reverse
+      ? kb.statementsMatching(null, property, subject, dataDoc)
+      : kb.statementsMatching(subject, property, null, dataDoc)
+    oldStatements.forEach(st => kb.removeStatement(st))
+    list = new $rdf.Collection(currentElements)
+    if (reverse) {
+      kb.add(list, property, subject, dataDoc)
+    } else {
+      kb.add(subject, property, list, dataDoc)
+    }
+
     try {
       await kb.fetcher.putBack(dataDoc)
     } catch (err) {
@@ -505,6 +542,9 @@ field[ns.ui('Multiple').uri] = function (
     let vals
     if (ordered) {
       const li = reverse ? kb.the(null, property, subject, dataDoc) : kb.the(subject, property, null, dataDoc)
+      if (li) {
+        list = li // Keep list in sync with the store after any external document reload
+      }
       vals = li ? li.elements : []
     } else {
       vals = reverse ? kb.each(null, property, subject, dataDoc) : kb.each(subject, property, null, dataDoc)
diff --git a/test/unit/widgets/forms/multiple.test.ts b/test/unit/widgets/forms/multiple.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72c939931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/unit/widgets/forms/multiple.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+import { silenceDebugMessages } from '../../helpers/debugger'
+import { Collection, literal, namedNode } from 'rdflib'
+import ns from '../../../../src/ns'
+import { store } from 'solid-logic'
+import { field } from '../../../../src/widgets/forms'
+import { clearStore } from '../../helpers/clearStore'
+
+silenceDebugMessages()
+afterEach(clearStore)
+
+const docUri = 'http://example.com/doc.ttl'
+const doc = namedNode(docUri)
+const subject = namedNode('http://example.com/#person')
+const form = namedNode('http://example.com/#multipleForm')
+const subform = namedNode('http://example.com/#subForm')
+const property = namedNode('http://schema.org/knowsLanguage')
+const xsdBoolean = namedNode('http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean')
+
+/** Helper: return all list-head triples for subject/property in the test document */
+function getListHeads () {
+  return store.each(subject, property, null as any, doc)
+}
+
+/** Helper: wait for pending microtasks and short async operations to settle */
+function waitForAsync () {
+  return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10))
+}
+
+/** Set up the minimum store triples needed for an ordered Multiple field */
+function setupOrderedMultipleForm () {
+  store.add(form, ns.rdf('type'), ns.ui('Multiple'), doc)
+  store.add(form, ns.ui('property'), property, doc)
+  // ui:ordered true as a proper xsd:boolean literal
+  store.add(form, ns.ui('ordered'), literal('true', undefined, xsdBoolean), doc)
+  store.add(form, ns.ui('part'), subform, doc)
+  // Subform: an empty Group (no parts)
+  store.add(subform, ns.rdf('type'), ns.ui('Group'), doc)
+  store.add(subform, ns.ui('parts'), new Collection([]), doc)
+}
+
+/** Render the Multiple field and return {box, body} */
+function renderMultipleField () {
+  const container = document.createElement('div')
+  const box = field[ns.ui('Multiple').uri](
+    document, container, {}, subject, form, doc, jest.fn()
+  ) as HTMLElement
+  // body is the first child div of box, and has the refresh method attached
+  const body = box.firstChild as HTMLElement & { refresh?: () => void }
+  return { box, body, container }
+}
+
+describe('Multiple ordered field', () => {
+  describe('createListIfNecessary: recovers existing Collection from store', () => {
+    it('uses an existing Collection in the store instead of creating a duplicate', () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      // Pre-populate the store with an existing Collection as list head
+      const existingCollection = new Collection([])
+      store.add(subject, property, existingCollection, doc)
+
+      renderMultipleField()
+
+      // After rendering, there should still be exactly ONE list head
+      const heads = getListHeads()
+      expect(heads.length).toBe(1)
+      expect(heads[0]).toBe(existingCollection)
+    })
+
+    it('creates no new list head when no items exist yet (list created lazily on add)', () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      renderMultipleField()
+
+      // No list head should exist until the user adds an item
+      expect(getListHeads().length).toBe(0)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('refresh: syncs list variable to store', () => {
+    it('exposes a refresh method on the body element for live updates', () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      const { body } = renderMultipleField()
+
+      expect(typeof body.refresh).toBe('function')
+    })
+
+    it('renders existing list items from a pre-populated Collection', () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      const item1 = namedNode('http://example.com/#item1')
+      const item2 = namedNode('http://example.com/#item2')
+      const col = new Collection([item1, item2])
+      store.add(subject, property, col, doc)
+
+      renderMultipleField()
+
+      // The list head should remain intact with the original 2 elements
+      const heads = getListHeads()
+      expect(heads.length).toBe(1)
+      expect((heads[0] as Collection).elements.length).toBe(2)
+    })
+
+    it('keeps the list in sync when refresh is called after a simulated document reload', () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      const originalCollection = new Collection([namedNode('http://example.com/#item1')])
+      store.add(subject, property, originalCollection, doc)
+
+      const { body } = renderMultipleField()
+
+      // Simulate a document reload: add a SECOND Collection (the bug scenario).
+      // This happens when putBack invalidates the fetch cache and a subsequent
+      // updateMany triggers a re-fetch, which adds a new Collection to the store
+      // without removing the old one.
+      const reloadedCollection = new Collection([namedNode('http://example.com/#item1')])
+      store.add(subject, property, reloadedCollection, doc)
+
+      expect(getListHeads().length).toBe(2)
+
+      // After refresh, the field's internal list should be synced to one of the collections.
+      // The refresh function itself does not remove duplicates — that happens in saveListThenRefresh.
+      body.refresh!()
+
+      // Both heads still exist (removal happens during save)
+      expect(getListHeads().length).toBe(2)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('end-to-end: add button creates a single list head', () => {
+    it('clicking add produces exactly one Collection list-head triple in the store', async () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      const { box } = renderMultipleField()
+
+      // Initially no list head
+      expect(getListHeads().length).toBe(0)
+
+      // Find and click the add/tail div (second child of box, after body)
+      const children = box.children
+      const tail = children[children.length - 1] as HTMLElement
+      tail.click()
+
+      // Allow async operations (addItem + saveListThenRefresh) to complete
+      await waitForAsync()
+
+      // After clicking add, exactly one list head should exist in the store
+      const heads = getListHeads()
+      expect(heads.length).toBe(1)
+      expect(heads[0].termType).toBe('Collection')
+    })
+
+    it('clicking add twice produces one list head with two elements', async () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      const { box } = renderMultipleField()
+
+      const children = box.children
+      const tail = children[children.length - 1] as HTMLElement
+
+      // Click add twice
+      tail.click()
+      await waitForAsync()
+      tail.click()
+      await waitForAsync()
+
+      const heads = getListHeads()
+      expect(heads.length).toBe(1)
+      const collection = heads[0] as Collection
+      expect(collection.termType).toBe('Collection')
+      expect(collection.elements.length).toBe(2)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('saveListThenRefresh: removes duplicate list heads before saving', () => {
+    it('after simulated reload, clicking add removes duplicate heads', async () => {
+      setupOrderedMultipleForm()
+
+      // Start with one item in an existing collection
+      const originalCollection = new Collection([namedNode('http://example.com/#item1')])
+      store.add(subject, property, originalCollection, doc)
+
+      const { box } = renderMultipleField()
+
+      // Simulate document reload: inject a SECOND Collection (the bug scenario)
+      const reloadedCollection = new Collection([namedNode('http://example.com/#item1')])
+      store.add(subject, property, reloadedCollection, doc)
+
+      expect(getListHeads().length).toBe(2)
+
+      // Click add — this triggers createListIfNecessary (no-op, list already set)
+      // and saveListThenRefresh (which should deduplicate)
+      const children = box.children
+      const tail = children[children.length - 1] as HTMLElement
+      tail.click()
+      await waitForAsync()
+
+      // After the save, there should be exactly ONE list head
+      const heads = getListHeads()
+      expect(heads.length).toBe(1)
+      expect(heads[0].termType).toBe('Collection')
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+