Linux File System.md

Linux File System

• Linux File System or any file system generally is a layer which is under the operating system that handles the positioning of your data on the storage, without it; the system cannot knows which file starts from where and ends where.
• The directories have specific purposes and generally hold the same types of information for easily locating files.

Directory	Meaning
/	Root directory, which contains only the files needed at the top level of the file structure
/bin	All the executable files are located in this directory
/dev	These are devices drivers, which acts as a translator between hardware and the programs or OS
/dev	Contains devices drivers
/etc	Supervisor directory commands, configuration files, disk configuration files, valid user lists, groups, ethernet, hosts, where to send critical messages and much more
/lib	Contains shared library files and sometimes other kernel-related files
/boot	Contains files for booting the system
/home	Contains the home directory for users and other accounts
/mnt	Used to mount other temporary file systems, such as cdrom for the CD-ROM drive, respectively
/proc	Contains all processes marked as a file by process number or other information that is dynamic to the system
/tmp	Holds temporary files used between system boots
/usr	Used for miscellaneous purposes, and can be used by many users. Includes administrative commands, shared files, library files, and others. This folder is named after the name of your Device name
/kernel	Contains kernel files

• In the following picture using the ls command (which is used to display all the directories and files) we can see all the files under root.

-> Terminal : Shortcut to open terminal CTRL + ALT + T

Navigating the File System :

• Now that you understand the basics of the file system, you can begin navigating to the files you need. The following commands are used to navigate the system

Commands	Description	Refer Link
pwd	print name of current/working directory	pwd
cat	concatenate files and print on the standard output	cat
cd	change the working directory	cd
cp	copy files and directories to the specified location	cp
file	determine file type, for example (binary, text, etc)
find	search for files in a directory hierarchy
head	output the beginning part of files
tail	output the last part of files
less	browses through a file from the end or the beginning
ls	list specified directory contents	ls
mkdir	creates the specified directory	mkdir
more	browses through a file from the beginning to the end
mv	moves the location of, or renames a file/directory
rm	remove files or directories	rm
rmdir	removes a directory	rmdir
touch	creates a blank file or modifies an existing file or its attributes	touch
whereis	output all the location of a file or directory
which	output the location of a directory if it is in your PATH