diff --git a/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java b/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java
index b9f0eebf9ac..c1fe221256e 100644
--- a/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java
+++ b/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java
@@ -2031,13 +2031,15 @@ public void onClientInternalException(final Throwable error) {
     public void onAsyncException(Throwable error) {
         if (!closed.get() && !closing.get()) {
             if (this.exceptionListener != null) {
-
                 if (!(error instanceof JMSException)) {
                     error = JMSExceptionSupport.create(error);
                 }
                 final JMSException e = (JMSException) error;
-                executeAsync(() -> exceptionListener.onException(e));
-
+                try {
+                    executor.execute(() -> exceptionListener.onException(e));
+                } catch (final RejectedExecutionException re) {
+                    LOG.debug("Could not notify exception listener asynchronously (executor terminated): {}", error.getMessage());
+                }
             } else {
                 LOG.debug("Async exception with no exception listener: {}", error, error);
             }
@@ -2046,20 +2048,40 @@ public void onAsyncException(Throwable error) {
 
     @Override
     public void onException(final IOException error) {
-        onAsyncException(error);
-        executeAsync(() -> {
-            transportFailed(error);
-            ServiceSupport.dispose(ActiveMQConnection.this.transport);
-            brokerInfoReceived.countDown();
+        if (!closed.get() && !closing.get()) {
+            // Combine JMS ExceptionListener and TransportListener notifications into a single
+            // async task to prevent a race condition where the ExceptionListener (e.g.
+            // ConnectionPool) closes the connection and shuts down the executor before the
+            // TransportListener task can be queued.
+            final Runnable exceptionTask = () -> {
+                if (exceptionListener != null) {
+                    try {
+                        final JMSException jmsError = JMSExceptionSupport.create(error);
+                        exceptionListener.onException(jmsError);
+                    } catch (final Exception e) {
+                        LOG.debug("Exception during JMS ExceptionListener notification", e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                transportFailed(error);
+                ServiceSupport.dispose(ActiveMQConnection.this.transport);
+                brokerInfoReceived.countDown();
+                try {
+                    doCleanup(true);
+                } catch (JMSException e) {
+                    LOG.warn("Exception during connection cleanup, " + e, e);
+                }
+                for (final TransportListener listener : transportListeners) {
+                    listener.onException(error);
+                }
+            };
+
             try {
-                doCleanup(true);
-            } catch (JMSException e) {
-                LOG.warn("Exception during connection cleanup, " + e, e);
+                executor.execute(exceptionTask);
+            } catch (final RejectedExecutionException e) {
+                LOG.debug("Could not execute exception task (executor terminated, connection closing)");
             }
-            for (final TransportListener listener : transportListeners) {
-                listener.onException(error);
-            }
-        });
+        }
     }
 
     @Override