diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 6a7a1a7056..1bf5e7f851 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ Motion adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
 Undocumented APIs should be considered internal and may change without warning.
 
+## [12.31.1] 2026-02-04
+
+### Added
+
+-   Drag constraints updated even when draggable or constraints resize outside of React renders.
+
 ## [12.31.0] 2026-02-03
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/dev/html/package.json b/dev/html/package.json
index 86233b9745..80376f9be9 100644
--- a/dev/html/package.json
+++ b/dev/html/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "name": "html-env",
     "private": true,
-    "version": "12.31.0",
+    "version": "12.31.1",
     "type": "module",
     "scripts": {
         "dev": "vite",
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
         "preview": "vite preview"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "framer-motion": "^12.31.0",
-        "motion": "^12.31.0",
+        "framer-motion": "^12.31.1",
+        "motion": "^12.31.1",
         "motion-dom": "^12.30.1",
         "react": "^18.3.1",
         "react-dom": "^18.3.1"
diff --git a/dev/next/package.json b/dev/next/package.json
index c5290d60a2..fe8974c42b 100644
--- a/dev/next/package.json
+++ b/dev/next/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "name": "next-env",
     "private": true,
-    "version": "12.31.0",
+    "version": "12.31.1",
     "type": "module",
     "scripts": {
         "dev": "next dev",
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
         "build": "next build"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "motion": "^12.31.0",
+        "motion": "^12.31.1",
         "next": "15.4.10",
         "react": "19.0.0",
         "react-dom": "19.0.0"
diff --git a/dev/react-19/package.json b/dev/react-19/package.json
index b9d6fe6d7b..3848ec2ad5 100644
--- a/dev/react-19/package.json
+++ b/dev/react-19/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "name": "react-19-env",
     "private": true,
-    "version": "12.31.0",
+    "version": "12.31.1",
     "type": "module",
     "scripts": {
         "dev": "vite",
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
         "preview": "vite preview"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "motion": "^12.31.0",
+        "motion": "^12.31.1",
         "react": "^19.0.0",
         "react-dom": "^19.0.0"
     },
diff --git a/dev/react/package.json b/dev/react/package.json
index 36ac4e41cb..9689faee8a 100644
--- a/dev/react/package.json
+++ b/dev/react/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "name": "react-env",
     "private": true,
-    "version": "12.31.0",
+    "version": "12.31.1",
     "type": "module",
     "scripts": {
         "dev": "yarn vite",
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
         "preview": "yarn vite preview"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "framer-motion": "^12.31.0",
+        "framer-motion": "^12.31.1",
         "react": "^18.3.1",
         "react-dom": "^18.3.1"
     },
diff --git a/dev/react/src/tests/drag-ref-constraints-element-resize.tsx b/dev/react/src/tests/drag-ref-constraints-element-resize.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d46b370add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/react/src/tests/drag-ref-constraints-element-resize.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { motion, useMotionValue, useTransform } from "framer-motion"
+import { useRef, useCallback } from "react"
+
+/**
+ * Test page for issue #2458: Drag constraints should update when
+ * the draggable element's dimensions change.
+ *
+ * Container: 500x500, positioned at top-left
+ * Draggable: starts at 100x100, can be resized to 300x300
+ *
+ * Before resize: constraints allow 400px of travel (500 - 100)
+ * After resize: constraints should allow 200px of travel (500 - 300)
+ */
+export const App = () => {
+    const constraintsRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
+    const widthMV = useMotionValue(100)
+    const heightMV = useMotionValue(100)
+    const width = useTransform(widthMV, (v) => `${v}px`)
+    const height = useTransform(heightMV, (v) => `${v}px`)
+
+    const handleResize = useCallback(() => {
+        widthMV.set(300)
+        heightMV.set(300)
+    }, [widthMV, heightMV])
+
+    return (
+        <div style={{ padding: 0, margin: 0 }}>
+            <button
+                id="resize-trigger"
+                onClick={handleResize}
+                style={{ position: "fixed", top: 10, right: 10, zIndex: 10 }}
+            >
+                Resize to 300x300
+            </button>
+            <motion.div
+                id="constraints"
+                ref={constraintsRef}
+                style={{
+                    width: 500,
+                    height: 500,
+                    background: "rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.1)",
+                    position: "relative",
+                }}
+            >
+                <motion.div
+                    id="box"
+                    data-testid="draggable"
+                    drag
+                    dragConstraints={constraintsRef}
+                    dragElastic={0}
+                    dragMomentum={false}
+                    style={{
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                        background: "red",
+                    }}
+                />
+            </motion.div>
+        </div>
+    )
+}
diff --git a/lerna.json b/lerna.json
index 01d43bce76..c5e22ac709 100644
--- a/lerna.json
+++ b/lerna.json
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "version": "12.31.0",
+  "version": "12.31.1",
   "packages": [
     "packages/*",
     "dev/*"
diff --git a/packages/framer-motion/cypress/integration/drag-ref-constraints-element-resize.ts b/packages/framer-motion/cypress/integration/drag-ref-constraints-element-resize.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..432b01a8a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/framer-motion/cypress/integration/drag-ref-constraints-element-resize.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for issue #2458: Drag constraints should update when the
+ * draggable element or constraint container resizes.
+ *
+ * The test page has:
+ * - Container (#constraints): 500x500
+ * - Draggable (#box): starts 100x100, resizable to 300x300 via button
+ *
+ * Before resize: max travel = 400px (500 - 100)
+ * After resize: max travel = 200px (500 - 300)
+ */
+describe("Drag Constraints Update on Element Resize", () => {
+    it("Constrains drag correctly before resize", () => {
+        cy.visit("?test=drag-ref-constraints-element-resize")
+            .wait(200)
+            .get("#box")
+            .trigger("pointerdown", 5, 5)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 10, 10)
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 600, 600, { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointerup", { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .should(($box: any) => {
+                const box = $box[0] as HTMLDivElement
+                const { right, bottom } = box.getBoundingClientRect()
+                // 100x100 box in 500x500 container: max right/bottom = 500
+                expect(right).to.be.at.most(502)
+                expect(bottom).to.be.at.most(502)
+            })
+    })
+
+    it("Updates drag constraints after draggable element is resized", () => {
+        cy.visit("?test=drag-ref-constraints-element-resize")
+            .wait(200)
+
+        // Click resize button to resize draggable from 100x100 to 300x300
+        cy.get("#resize-trigger")
+            .click()
+            .wait(200)
+
+        // Verify the box is now 300x300
+        cy.get("#box").should(($box: any) => {
+            const box = $box[0] as HTMLDivElement
+            const { width, height } = box.getBoundingClientRect()
+            expect(width).to.equal(300)
+            expect(height).to.equal(300)
+        })
+
+        // Now drag to the far bottom-right
+        cy.get("#box")
+            .trigger("pointerdown", 5, 5)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 10, 10)
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 600, 600, { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointerup", { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .should(($box: any) => {
+                const box = $box[0] as HTMLDivElement
+                const { right, bottom } = box.getBoundingClientRect()
+                // 300x300 box in 500x500 container: max right/bottom = 500
+                // Without the fix, right/bottom would be ~700 (300 + 400 old constraint)
+                expect(right).to.be.at.most(502)
+                expect(bottom).to.be.at.most(502)
+            })
+    })
+
+    it("Updates drag constraints after draggable element is resized, with existing drag offset", () => {
+        cy.visit("?test=drag-ref-constraints-element-resize")
+            .wait(200)
+
+        // First drag to an intermediate position
+        cy.get("#box")
+            .trigger("pointerdown", 5, 5)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 10, 10)
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 100, 100, { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointerup", { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+
+        // Resize the element from 100x100 to 300x300
+        cy.get("#resize-trigger")
+            .click()
+            .wait(200)
+
+        // Now drag far to the bottom-right
+        cy.get("#box")
+            .trigger("pointerdown", 5, 5)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 10, 10)
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointermove", 600, 600, { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .trigger("pointerup", { force: true })
+            .wait(50)
+            .should(($box: any) => {
+                const box = $box[0] as HTMLDivElement
+                const { right, bottom } = box.getBoundingClientRect()
+                // Even after a prior drag + resize, box must stay within container
+                expect(right).to.be.at.most(502)
+                expect(bottom).to.be.at.most(502)
+            })
+    })
+})
diff --git a/packages/framer-motion/package.json b/packages/framer-motion/package.json
index bfb25eac8e..c4394f1d10 100644
--- a/packages/framer-motion/package.json
+++ b/packages/framer-motion/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "name": "framer-motion",
-    "version": "12.31.0",
+    "version": "12.31.1",
     "description": "A simple and powerful JavaScript animation library",
     "main": "dist/cjs/index.js",
     "module": "dist/es/index.mjs",
diff --git a/packages/framer-motion/src/gestures/drag/VisualElementDragControls.ts b/packages/framer-motion/src/gestures/drag/VisualElementDragControls.ts
index 1ac4fb3e4f..53b0284dca 100644
--- a/packages/framer-motion/src/gestures/drag/VisualElementDragControls.ts
+++ b/packages/framer-motion/src/gestures/drag/VisualElementDragControls.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
     PanInfo,
     percent,
     ResolvedConstraints,
+    resize,
     setDragLock,
     Transition,
     type VisualElement,
@@ -375,10 +376,13 @@ export class VisualElementDragControls {
 
         /**
          * If we're outputting to external MotionValues, we want to rebase the measured constraints
-         * from viewport-relative to component-relative.
+         * from viewport-relative to component-relative. This only applies to relative (non-ref)
+         * constraints, as ref-based constraints from calcViewportConstraints are already in the
+         * correct coordinate space for the motion value transform offset.
          */
         if (
             prevConstraints !== this.constraints &&
+            !isRefObject(dragConstraints) &&
             layout &&
             this.constraints &&
             !this.hasMutatedConstraints
@@ -621,6 +625,12 @@ export class VisualElementDragControls {
             : "none"
         projection.root && projection.root.updateScroll()
         projection.updateLayout()
+
+        /**
+         * Reset constraints so resolveConstraints() will recalculate them
+         * with the freshly measured layout rather than returning the cached value.
+         */
+        this.constraints = false
         this.resolveConstraints()
 
         /**
@@ -639,6 +649,13 @@ export class VisualElementDragControls {
             ] as Axis
             axisValue.set(mixNumber(min, max, boxProgress[axis]))
         })
+
+        /**
+         * Flush the updated transform to the DOM synchronously to prevent
+         * a visual flash at the element's CSS layout position (0,0) when
+         * the transform was stripped for measurement.
+         */
+        this.visualElement.render()
     }
 
     addListeners() {
@@ -673,10 +690,26 @@ export class VisualElementDragControls {
             }
         )
 
+        /**
+         * If using ref-based constraints, observe both the draggable element
+         * and the constraint container for size changes via ResizeObserver.
+         * Setup is deferred because dragConstraints.current is null when
+         * addListeners first runs (React hasn't committed the ref yet).
+         */
+        let stopResizeObservers: VoidFunction | undefined
+
         const measureDragConstraints = () => {
             const { dragConstraints } = this.getProps()
             if (isRefObject(dragConstraints) && dragConstraints.current) {
                 this.constraints = this.resolveRefConstraints()
+
+                if (!stopResizeObservers) {
+                    stopResizeObservers = startResizeObservers(
+                        element,
+                        dragConstraints.current as HTMLElement,
+                        () => this.scalePositionWithinConstraints()
+                    )
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -730,6 +763,7 @@ export class VisualElementDragControls {
             stopPointerListener()
             stopMeasureLayoutListener()
             stopLayoutUpdateListener && stopLayoutUpdateListener()
+            stopResizeObservers && stopResizeObservers()
         }
     }
 
@@ -755,6 +789,30 @@ export class VisualElementDragControls {
     }
 }
 
+function skipFirstCall(callback: VoidFunction): VoidFunction {
+    let isFirst = true
+    return () => {
+        if (isFirst) {
+            isFirst = false
+            return
+        }
+        callback()
+    }
+}
+
+function startResizeObservers(
+    element: HTMLElement,
+    constraintsElement: HTMLElement,
+    onResize: VoidFunction
+): VoidFunction {
+    const stopElement = resize(element, skipFirstCall(onResize))
+    const stopContainer = resize(constraintsElement, skipFirstCall(onResize))
+    return () => {
+        stopElement()
+        stopContainer()
+    }
+}
+
 function shouldDrag(
     direction: DragDirection,
     drag: boolean | DragDirection | undefined,
diff --git a/packages/motion/package.json b/packages/motion/package.json
index e825a2018a..8ec9a4c206 100644
--- a/packages/motion/package.json
+++ b/packages/motion/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "name": "motion",
-    "version": "12.31.0",
+    "version": "12.31.1",
     "description": "An animation library for JavaScript and React.",
     "main": "dist/cjs/index.js",
     "module": "dist/es/index.mjs",
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
         "postpublish": "git push --tags"
     },
     "dependencies": {
-        "framer-motion": "^12.31.0",
+        "framer-motion": "^12.31.1",
         "tslib": "^2.4.0"
     },
     "peerDependencies": {
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 6069017874..0c72a6a06f 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -7420,7 +7420,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"framer-motion@^12.31.0, framer-motion@workspace:packages/framer-motion":
+"framer-motion@^12.31.1, framer-motion@workspace:packages/framer-motion":
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "framer-motion@workspace:packages/framer-motion"
   dependencies:
@@ -8192,8 +8192,8 @@ __metadata:
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "html-env@workspace:dev/html"
   dependencies:
-    framer-motion: ^12.31.0
-    motion: ^12.31.0
+    framer-motion: ^12.31.1
+    motion: ^12.31.1
     motion-dom: ^12.30.1
     react: ^18.3.1
     react-dom: ^18.3.1
@@ -11013,11 +11013,11 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
-"motion@^12.31.0, motion@workspace:packages/motion":
+"motion@^12.31.1, motion@workspace:packages/motion":
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "motion@workspace:packages/motion"
   dependencies:
-    framer-motion: ^12.31.0
+    framer-motion: ^12.31.1
     tslib: ^2.4.0
   peerDependencies:
     "@emotion/is-prop-valid": "*"
@@ -11134,7 +11134,7 @@ __metadata:
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "next-env@workspace:dev/next"
   dependencies:
-    motion: ^12.31.0
+    motion: ^12.31.1
     next: 15.4.10
     react: 19.0.0
     react-dom: 19.0.0
@@ -12599,7 +12599,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": ^7.2.0
     "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": ^3.5.0
     eslint-plugin-react-refresh: ^0.4.6
-    motion: ^12.31.0
+    motion: ^12.31.1
     react: ^19.0.0
     react-dom: ^19.0.0
     vite: ^5.2.0
@@ -12683,7 +12683,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": ^7.2.0
     "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": ^3.5.0
     eslint-plugin-react-refresh: ^0.4.6
-    framer-motion: ^12.31.0
+    framer-motion: ^12.31.1
     react: ^18.3.1
     react-dom: ^18.3.1
     vite: ^5.2.0