diff --git a/ChangeLog.md b/ChangeLog.md
index abd71117dc8c6..6bf98d93e49a2 100644
--- a/ChangeLog.md
+++ b/ChangeLog.md
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ See docs/process.md for more on how version tagging works.
   implied).  Also, if you include real dynamic libraries in your link command
   emscripten will now automatically produce a dynamically linked program
   (`-sMAIN_MODULE=2` is implied). (#25930)
+- The `PThread.runningWorkers` field was removed from the `PThread` object.
+  If you have JS code that was depending on this you can transition to using the
+  `PThread.pthreads` object. (#26998)
 
 5.0.7 - 04/30/26
 ----------------
diff --git a/src/lib/libpthread.js b/src/lib/libpthread.js
index c60aec74feb4a..e7493d5436e04 100644
--- a/src/lib/libpthread.js
+++ b/src/lib/libpthread.js
@@ -108,8 +108,6 @@ var LibraryPThread = {
     // terminated, but is returned to this pool as an optimization so that
     // starting the next thread is faster.
     unusedWorkers: [],
-    // Contains all Workers that are currently hosting an active pthread.
-    runningWorkers: [],
     tlsInitFunctions: [],
     // Maps pthread_t pointers to the workers on which they are running.  For
     // the reverse mapping, each worker has a `pthread_ptr` when its running a
@@ -191,14 +189,13 @@ var LibraryPThread = {
       // pthreads will continue to be executing after `worker.terminate` has
       // returned.  For this reason, we don't call `returnWorkerToPool` here or
       // free the underlying pthread data structures.
-      for (var worker of PThread.runningWorkers) {
+      for (var worker of Object.values(PThread.pthreads)) {
         terminateWorker(worker);
       }
       for (var worker of PThread.unusedWorkers) {
         terminateWorker(worker);
       }
       PThread.unusedWorkers = [];
-      PThread.runningWorkers = [];
       PThread.pthreads = {};
     },
 
@@ -229,7 +226,6 @@ var LibraryPThread = {
       // Note: worker is intentionally not terminated so the pool can
       // dynamically grow.
       PThread.unusedWorkers.push(worker);
-      PThread.runningWorkers.splice(PThread.runningWorkers.indexOf(worker), 1);
       // Not a running Worker anymore
       // Detach the worker from the pthread object, and return it to the
       // worker pool as an unused worker.
@@ -710,8 +706,6 @@ var LibraryPThread = {
     assert(!worker.pthread_ptr);
 #endif
 
-    PThread.runningWorkers.push(worker);
-
     // Add to pthreads map
     PThread.pthreads[threadParams.pthread_ptr] = worker;
 
diff --git a/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads.json b/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads.json
index 291a3a52fede4..99e0a2060f084 100644
--- a/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads.json
+++ b/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads.json
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
-  "a.out.js": 7143,
-  "a.out.js.gz": 3542,
+  "a.out.js": 7110,
+  "a.out.js.gz": 3522,
   "a.out.nodebug.wasm": 19037,
   "a.out.nodebug.wasm.gz": 8787,
-  "total": 26180,
-  "total_gz": 12329,
+  "total": 26147,
+  "total_gz": 12309,
   "sent": [
     "a (memory)",
     "b (exit)",
diff --git a/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads_memgrowth.json b/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads_memgrowth.json
index cca8bd65756ed..4a30e85f4eadc 100644
--- a/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads_memgrowth.json
+++ b/test/codesize/test_codesize_minimal_pthreads_memgrowth.json
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
-  "a.out.js": 7551,
-  "a.out.js.gz": 3745,
+  "a.out.js": 7518,
+  "a.out.js.gz": 3725,
   "a.out.nodebug.wasm": 19038,
   "a.out.nodebug.wasm.gz": 8788,
-  "total": 26589,
-  "total_gz": 12533,
+  "total": 26556,
+  "total_gz": 12513,
   "sent": [
     "a (memory)",
     "b (exit)",
diff --git a/test/other/test_pthread_reuse.c b/test/other/test_pthread_reuse.c
index 4bb52e1dc311e..8e4ca4b0c750d 100644
--- a/test/other/test_pthread_reuse.c
+++ b/test/other/test_pthread_reuse.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void* thread_main(void* arg) {
 }
 
 void checkThreadPool() {
-  int running = EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length);
+  int running = EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length);
   int unused = EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length);
   printf("running=%d unused=%d\n", running, unused);
   assert(running == 0);
diff --git a/test/pthread/test_pthread_join.c b/test/pthread/test_pthread_join.c
index 3916090dd2a82..3d0238d401327 100644
--- a/test/pthread/test_pthread_join.c
+++ b/test/pthread/test_pthread_join.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int main() {
 
   pthread_t thr;
 
-  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length) == 0);
+  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length) == 0);
   assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length) == 8); // This test should be run with a prepopulated pool of size 8.
 
   intptr_t n = 20;
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ int main() {
   emscripten_out("Main: Waiting for thread to join");
   int result = 0;
 
-  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length) == 1);
+  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length) == 1);
   assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length) == 7);
 
   s = pthread_join(thr, (void**)&result);
   assert(s == 0);
   emscripten_outf("Main: Thread joined with result: %d", result);
 
-  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length) == 0);
+  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length) == 0);
   assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length) == 8);
 
   assert(result == 6765);
diff --git a/test/pthread/test_pthread_preallocates_workers.c b/test/pthread/test_pthread_preallocates_workers.c
index b112b806d195b..524761bd7319b 100644
--- a/test/pthread/test_pthread_preallocates_workers.c
+++ b/test/pthread/test_pthread_preallocates_workers.c
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ int main()
   // This test should be run with a prewarmed pool of size 4. None
   // of the threads are allocated yet.
   assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length) == 4);
-  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length) == 0);
+  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length) == 0);
 
   CreateThread(0);
 
   // We have one running thread, allocated on demand.
   assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length) == 3);
-  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length) == 1);
+  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length) == 1);
 
   for (int i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {
     CreateThread(i);
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main()
   // solved in non-test cases by using PROXY_TO_PTHREAD, but we can't
   // do that here since we need to eval the length of the various pthread
   // arrays.
-  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.runningWorkers.length) == 5);
+  assert(EM_ASM_INT(return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length) == 5);
   assert(EM_ASM_INT(return PThread.unusedWorkers.length) == 0);
 
   return 0;
diff --git a/test/pthread/test_std_thread_detach.cpp b/test/pthread/test_std_thread_detach.cpp
index 71f864c4addd4..dc2b9c567b895 100644
--- a/test/pthread/test_std_thread_detach.cpp
+++ b/test/pthread/test_std_thread_detach.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE spawn_a_thread() {
 void EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE count_threads(int num_threads_spawned, int num_threads_spawned_extra) {
 	num_threads_spawned += num_threads_spawned_extra;
 	int num_workers = EM_ASM_INT({
-		return PThread.runningWorkers.length + PThread.unusedWorkers.length;
+		return Object.keys(PThread.pthreads).length + PThread.unusedWorkers.length;
 	});
 
 	std::cout <<