diff --git a/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md
index 37c9857..fd32c70 100644
--- a/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/core/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [0.11.0] - 2026-05-20
+
+### Changed
+- **BREAKING:** All 16 services now require explicit registration via `provideX()` factory functions
+- Removed `providedIn: 'root'` from 12 services: ErrorService, FeatureFlagService, NavigationService, BreadcrumbService, PermissionService, AlertService, MasterDataService, TransportRegistry, ApiClient, AuthService, UserContextService, SessionService
+- Updated 7 existing factories to register their service class (provideErrorHandling, provideFeatureFlags, provideNavigation, providePermissions, provideAlerts, provideMasterData, provideFireflyTransport)
+
+### Added
+- `provideAuth()` — factory for AuthService registration
+- `provideSession(config?)` — factory for SessionService registration (accepts optional `SessionTimeoutConfig`)
+- `provideBreadcrumb()` — factory for BreadcrumbService registration
+- `provideApiClient()` — factory for ApiClient registration
+- `provideUserContext()` — factory for UserContextService registration
+
+### Migration
+- Applications MUST add `provideAuth()`, `provideSession()`, `provideBreadcrumb()`, `provideApiClient()`, and `provideUserContext()` to their `app.config.ts` providers
+- Tests that inject services directly MUST include the corresponding `provideX()` in `TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [...] })`
+
 ## [0.10.1] - 2026-05-20
 
 ### Added
@@ -154,7 +172,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - User context module: `UserContextService`
 - API runtime module: `ApiClient`, `TransportRegistry`, `HttpTransportAdapter`
 
-[Unreleased]: https://github.com/fireflyframework/firefly-frontend-framework/compare/core@0.10.0...HEAD
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/fireflyframework/firefly-frontend-framework/compare/core@0.11.0...HEAD
+[0.11.0]: https://github.com/fireflyframework/firefly-frontend-framework/compare/core@0.10.1...core@0.11.0
 [0.10.0]: https://github.com/fireflyframework/firefly-frontend-framework/compare/core@0.9.0...core@0.10.0
 [0.9.0]: https://github.com/fireflyframework/firefly-frontend-framework/compare/core@0.8.0...core@0.9.0
 [0.8.0]: https://github.com/fireflyframework/firefly-frontend-framework/compare/core@0.7.2...core@0.8.0
diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
index 579080b..fd0dcdd 100644
--- a/packages/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@fireflyframework/core",
-  "version": "0.10.1",
+  "version": "0.11.0",
   "publishConfig": {
     "registry": "https://npm.pkg.github.com"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.spec.ts
index 2d0ab02..07708ad 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.spec.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { AlertService } from './alert.service';
+import { provideAlerts } from './provide-alerts';
 
 describe('AlertService — toasts & banners', () => {
   let service: AlertService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideAlerts()] });
     service = TestBed.inject(AlertService);
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.ts
index 01d6988..5d943fb 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/alert.service.ts
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const MAX_VISIBLE_BANNERS = 3;
  * // @for (toast of alerts.activeToasts(); track toast.id) { ... }
  * ```
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class AlertService {
   private readonly _toasts = signal<Toast[]>([]);
   private readonly _banners = signal<Banner[]>([]);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/provide-alerts.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/provide-alerts.ts
index 899e8ce..638c994 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/provide-alerts.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/alerts/provide-alerts.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   makeEnvironmentProviders,
 } from '@angular/core';
 import { AlertConfig } from './alert.types';
+import { AlertService } from './alert.service';
 
 /**
  * Injection token for optional alert configuration.
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ export function provideAlerts(
   config?: AlertConfig,
 ): EnvironmentProviders {
   return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    AlertService,
     ...(config ? [{ provide: ALERT_CONFIG, useValue: config }] : []),
   ]);
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.spec.ts
index 0a5775a..0205f8d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import { TransportRegistry } from './transport/transport-registry';
 import { TransportAdapter } from './transport/transport-adapter';
 import { TransportError } from './transport/transport-error';
 import { TransportProtocol, TransportRequest, TransportResponse } from './transport/transport-request';
+import { provideApiClient } from './provide-api-client';
+import { provideFireflyTransport } from './provide-firefly-transport';
 
 /** Minimal mock adapter for testing */
 class MockTransportAdapter extends TransportAdapter {
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ describe('ApiClient', () => {
   let mockAdapter: MockTransportAdapter;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideApiClient(), provideFireflyTransport({ defaultProtocol: 'http', routes: [] })] });
     apiClient = TestBed.inject(ApiClient);
     registry = TestBed.inject(TransportRegistry);
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.ts
index 780fec1..ac8025e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/api-client.service.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { TransportError } from './transport/transport-error';
  * - Retry (that's RetryInterceptor cross-protocol, G14)
  * - Handle auth headers (that's SecurityInterceptor)
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class ApiClient {
   private readonly registry = inject(TransportRegistry);
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/index.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/index.ts
index fbd112a..481fe74 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/index.ts
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ export * from './transport';
 export * from './adapters/http';
 export { ApiClient } from './api-client.service';
 export { provideFireflyTransport } from './provide-firefly-transport';
+export { provideApiClient } from './provide-api-client';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-api-client.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-api-client.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cb0458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-api-client.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { makeEnvironmentProviders, EnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
+import { ApiClient } from './api-client.service';
+
+export function provideApiClient(): EnvironmentProviders {
+  return makeEnvironmentProviders([ApiClient]);
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-firefly-transport.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-firefly-transport.ts
index 918cc59..f9c34ed 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-firefly-transport.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/provide-firefly-transport.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import { TRANSPORT_OPTIONS } from './transport/retry.interceptor';
  */
 export function provideFireflyTransport(config: TransportConfig): EnvironmentProviders {
   return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    TransportRegistry,
     ...(config.options ? [{ provide: TRANSPORT_OPTIONS, useValue: config.options }] : []),
     provideEnvironmentInitializer(() => {
       const registry = inject(TransportRegistry);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.spec.ts
index 99c415c..591b29f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.spec.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { TransportAdapter } from './transport-adapter';
 import { TransportError } from './transport-error';
 import { TransportProtocol, TransportRequest, TransportResponse } from './transport-request';
 import { TransportRoute } from './transport-route';
+import { provideFireflyTransport } from '../provide-firefly-transport';
 
 /** Minimal mock adapter for testing */
 class MockTransportAdapter extends TransportAdapter {
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ describe('TransportRegistry', () => {
   let registry: TransportRegistry;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideFireflyTransport({ defaultProtocol: 'http', routes: [] })] });
     registry = TestBed.inject(TransportRegistry);
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.ts
index 2644b98..de3d804 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/api-runtime/transport/transport-registry.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import { TransportRoute, ResolvedTransport } from './transport-route';
  * configuration and adapters are registered in the providers.
  * No dynamic re-routing at runtime.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class TransportRegistry {
   /** Configured routes — loaded from firefly.config.yaml by provideFireflyTransport() */
   private readonly routes = signal<TransportRoute[]>([]);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.spec.ts
index 6c31cef..da88ba9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.spec.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
 import { AuthTokens } from './auth.types';
 import { SessionService } from '../session/session.service';
 import { UserContextService } from '../user-context/user-context.service';
+import { provideAuth } from './provide-auth';
+import { provideSession } from '../session/provide-session';
+import { provideUserContext } from '../user-context/provide-user-context';
 
 const API = '/api/v1/experience/security';
 
@@ -47,6 +50,9 @@ describe('AuthService', () => {
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        provideAuth(),
+        provideSession(),
+        provideUserContext(),
         provideHttpClient(withInterceptorsFromDi()),
         provideHttpClientTesting(),
       ],
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.ts
index 6ee581c..ed859c7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/auth.service.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const AUTH_API_BASE = '/api/v1/experience/security';
  *
  * API base: /api/v1/experience/security (exp-security microservice)
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class AuthService {
   /** Reactive signal indicating whether the user is currently authenticated. */
   readonly isAuthenticated = signal(false);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/guards/auth.guard.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/guards/auth.guard.spec.ts
index 470843b..b018cf2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/guards/auth.guard.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/guards/auth.guard.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ import { provideHttpClientTesting } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
 import { Component } from '@angular/core';
 import { authGuard } from './auth.guard';
 import { AuthService } from '../auth.service';
+import { provideAuth } from '../provide-auth';
+import { provideSession } from '../../session/provide-session';
+import { provideUserContext } from '../../user-context/provide-user-context';
 
 @Component({ template: '', standalone: true })
 class DummyComponent {}
@@ -18,6 +21,9 @@ describe('authGuard', () => {
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        provideAuth(),
+        provideSession(),
+        provideUserContext(),
         provideHttpClient(),
         provideHttpClientTesting(),
         provideRouter([
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/index.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/index.ts
index 81ee706..af22cc0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/index.ts
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ export { AuthService } from './auth.service';
 export { authInterceptor } from './interceptors/auth.interceptor';
 export { authGuard } from './guards/auth.guard';
 export type { LoginCredentials, AuthTokens, AuthResult } from './auth.types';
+export { provideAuth } from './provide-auth';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/interceptors/auth.interceptor.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/interceptors/auth.interceptor.spec.ts
index 830b160..2120fd9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/interceptors/auth.interceptor.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/interceptors/auth.interceptor.spec.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ import {
   provideHttpClientTesting,
 } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
 import { authInterceptor } from './auth.interceptor';
+import { provideAuth } from '../provide-auth';
+import { provideSession } from '../../session/provide-session';
+import { provideUserContext } from '../../user-context/provide-user-context';
 
 /** Flush Promise microtask queue so async interceptor logic completes. */
 const flushMicrotasks = () => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0));
@@ -22,6 +25,9 @@ describe('authInterceptor', () => {
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        provideAuth(),
+        provideSession(),
+        provideUserContext(),
         provideHttpClient(withInterceptors([authInterceptor])),
         provideHttpClientTesting(),
       ],
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/auth/provide-auth.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/provide-auth.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c592003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/auth/provide-auth.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { makeEnvironmentProviders, EnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
+import { AuthService } from './auth.service';
+
+export function provideAuth(): EnvironmentProviders {
+  return makeEnvironmentProviders([AuthService]);
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.interceptor.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.interceptor.spec.ts
index f1cf91a..de6c841 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.interceptor.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.interceptor.spec.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
 import { errorInterceptor } from './error.interceptor';
 import { ErrorService } from './error.service';
+import { provideErrorHandling } from './provide-error-handling';
 
 describe('errorInterceptor', () => {
   let http: HttpClient;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ describe('errorInterceptor', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        provideErrorHandling(),
         provideHttpClient(withInterceptors([errorInterceptor])),
         provideHttpClientTesting(),
       ],
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.spec.ts
index 0669695..ef87744 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.spec.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { ErrorService, ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG } from './error.service';
 import { createAppError } from './app-error';
 import type { AppError } from './app-error';
+import { provideErrorHandling } from './provide-error-handling';
 
 describe('ErrorService', () => {
   let service: ErrorService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideErrorHandling()] });
     service = TestBed.inject(ErrorService);
   });
 
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ describe('ErrorService with custom config', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
-        { provide: ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG, useValue: { maxHistorySize: 3 } },
+        provideErrorHandling({ maxHistorySize: 3 }),
       ],
     });
     service = TestBed.inject(ErrorService);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.ts
index 0498e1c..dab30ae 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/error.service.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export const ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG = new InjectionToken<{ maxHistorySize?: numbe
  * this.errors.clearError();
  * ```
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class ErrorService {
   private readonly config = inject(ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG, { optional: true });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/firefly-error-handler.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/firefly-error-handler.spec.ts
index 25b7381..0a02454 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/firefly-error-handler.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/firefly-error-handler.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
 import { FireflyErrorHandler } from './firefly-error-handler';
 import { ErrorService } from './error.service';
+import { provideErrorHandling } from './provide-error-handling';
 
 describe('FireflyErrorHandler', () => {
   let handler: FireflyErrorHandler;
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ describe('FireflyErrorHandler', () => {
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
-      providers: [FireflyErrorHandler],
+      providers: [provideErrorHandling(), FireflyErrorHandler],
     });
 
     handler = TestBed.inject(FireflyErrorHandler);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/provide-error-handling.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/provide-error-handling.ts
index 9656621..68d0627 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/provide-error-handling.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/error-handling/provide-error-handling.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   makeEnvironmentProviders,
 } from '@angular/core';
 import type { ErrorHandlingConfig } from './app-error';
-import { ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG } from './error.service';
+import { ErrorService, ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG } from './error.service';
 import { FireflyErrorHandler } from './firefly-error-handler';
 
 /**
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ export function provideErrorHandling(
   config?: ErrorHandlingConfig,
 ): EnvironmentProviders {
   return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    ErrorService,
     { provide: ErrorHandler, useClass: FireflyErrorHandler },
     ...(config ? [{ provide: ERROR_HANDLING_CONFIG, useValue: config }] : []),
   ]);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.directive.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.directive.spec.ts
index 3a11ab3..4295880 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.directive.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.directive.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Component } from '@angular/core';
 import { ComponentFixture, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { FfFeatureFlagDirective } from './feature-flag.directive';
 import { FeatureFlagService } from './feature-flag.service';
+import { provideFeatureFlags } from './provide-feature-flags';
 
 @Component({
   template: `<span *ffFeatureFlag="'new-dashboard'">Visible</span>`,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ describe('FfFeatureFlagDirective', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       imports: [TestHostComponent],
+      providers: [provideFeatureFlags()],
     });
 
     service = TestBed.inject(FeatureFlagService);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.spec.ts
index fe5c514..a14f17e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.spec.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { FeatureFlagService, FEATURE_FLAG_CONFIG } from './feature-flag.service';
+import { provideFeatureFlags } from './provide-feature-flags';
 
 describe('FeatureFlagService', () => {
   let service: FeatureFlagService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideFeatureFlags()] });
     service = TestBed.inject(FeatureFlagService);
   });
 
@@ -338,10 +339,7 @@ describe('FeatureFlagService with config', () => {
   it('should load defaults from injected config', () => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
-        {
-          provide: FEATURE_FLAG_CONFIG,
-          useValue: { defaults: { 'pre-loaded': true } },
-        },
+        provideFeatureFlags({ defaults: { 'pre-loaded': true } }),
       ],
     });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.ts
index 4f0fc75..9ee4f94 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/feature-flag.service.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export const FEATURE_FLAG_CONFIG = new InjectionToken<FeatureFlagConfig>(
  * await flags.loadFlags('firebase');
  * ```
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class FeatureFlagService {
   private readonly _flags = signal<Map<string, boolean>>(new Map());
   private readonly _computedCache = new Map<string, Signal<boolean>>();
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/provide-feature-flags.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/provide-feature-flags.ts
index 6c5deb5..bf1c2b9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/provide-feature-flags.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/feature-flags/provide-feature-flags.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { EnvironmentProviders, makeEnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
 import type { FeatureFlagConfig } from './feature-flag.types';
-import { FEATURE_FLAG_CONFIG } from './feature-flag.service';
+import { FeatureFlagService, FEATURE_FLAG_CONFIG } from './feature-flag.service';
 
 /**
  * Configure the feature-flags module.
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ export function provideFeatureFlags(
   config?: FeatureFlagConfig,
 ): EnvironmentProviders {
   return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    FeatureFlagService,
     ...(config
       ? [{ provide: FEATURE_FLAG_CONFIG, useValue: config }]
       : []),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.spec.ts
index 0d3c196..bad4525 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.spec.ts
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { of } from 'rxjs';
 import { MasterDataService } from './master-data.service';
 import { MasterDataSource } from './master-data.types';
+import { provideMasterData } from './provide-master-data';
 
 describe('MasterDataService', () => {
   let service: MasterDataService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideMasterData([])] });
     service = TestBed.inject(MasterDataService);
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.ts
index 3475c42..8ac2a78 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/master-data.service.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ interface MasterDataEntry {
  * All queries return reactive signals — UI updates automatically
  * when data changes.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class MasterDataService {
   private readonly entries = new Map<string, MasterDataEntry>();
   private readonly stateSignals = signal<Map<string, Signal<MasterDataState>>>(new Map());
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/provide-master-data.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/provide-master-data.ts
index 13a2d10..8805f6e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/provide-master-data.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/master-data/provide-master-data.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ export function provideMasterData(
   sources: MasterDataSource[]
 ): EnvironmentProviders {
   return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    MasterDataService,
     {
       provide: MASTER_DATA_SOURCES,
       useValue: sources,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.spec.ts
index efbd7ca..6d5474a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Component } from '@angular/core';
 import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { provideRouter, Router } from '@angular/router';
 import { BreadcrumbService } from './breadcrumb.service';
+import { provideBreadcrumb } from './provide-breadcrumb';
 
 @Component({ template: '', standalone: true })
 class DummyComponent {}
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ describe('BreadcrumbService', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        provideBreadcrumb(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'modules',
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.ts
index e1e50e9..3310f71 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/breadcrumb.service.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { BreadcrumbItem } from './navigation.types';
  *
  * Routes without `data.breadcrumb` are skipped in the trail.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class BreadcrumbService {
   private readonly router = inject(Router);
   private readonly route = inject(ActivatedRoute);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/index.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/index.ts
index 8587840..2ac7fb9 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/index.ts
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ export { NavigationService } from './navigation.service';
 export { BreadcrumbService } from './breadcrumb.service';
 export { provideNavigation } from './provide-navigation';
 export type { NavItem, BreadcrumbItem, NavigationConfig } from './navigation.types';
+export { provideBreadcrumb } from './provide-breadcrumb';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.spec.ts
index 9167ad9..29bb054 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import { provideRouter } from '@angular/router';
 import { NavigationService } from './navigation.service';
 import { PermissionService } from '../permissions/permission.service';
 import { NavItem } from './navigation.types';
+import { provideNavigation } from './provide-navigation';
+import { providePermissions } from '../permissions/provide-permissions';
 
 describe('NavigationService', () => {
   let service: NavigationService;
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ describe('NavigationService', () => {
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
-      providers: [provideRouter([])],
+      providers: [provideRouter([]), provideNavigation({ items: [] }), providePermissions()],
     });
     service = TestBed.inject(NavigationService);
     permissions = TestBed.inject(PermissionService);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.ts
index 62d5cda..127c8b8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/navigation.service.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { NavItem, NavigationConfig } from './navigation.types';
  *
  * Does NOT wrap `Router.navigate()` — use Angular Router directly.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class NavigationService {
   private readonly permissions = inject(PermissionService);
   private readonly router = inject(Router);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-breadcrumb.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-breadcrumb.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3967af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-breadcrumb.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { makeEnvironmentProviders, EnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
+import { BreadcrumbService } from './breadcrumb.service';
+
+export function provideBreadcrumb(): EnvironmentProviders {
+  return makeEnvironmentProviders([BreadcrumbService]);
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.spec.ts
index 8556ed0..51e45cf 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.spec.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { provideRouter } from '@angular/router';
 import { NavigationService } from './navigation.service';
 import { NavigationConfig } from './navigation.types';
 import { provideNavigation } from './provide-navigation';
+import { providePermissions } from '../permissions/provide-permissions';
 
 describe('provideNavigation', () => {
   const config: NavigationConfig = {
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ describe('provideNavigation', () => {
 
   it('should configure NavigationService via APP_INITIALIZER', async () => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
-      providers: [provideRouter([]), provideNavigation(config)],
+      providers: [provideRouter([]), providePermissions(), provideNavigation(config)],
     });
 
     const initStatus = TestBed.inject(ApplicationInitStatus);
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ describe('provideNavigation', () => {
 
   it('should work with empty items', async () => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
-      providers: [provideRouter([]), provideNavigation({ items: [] })],
+      providers: [provideRouter([]), providePermissions(), provideNavigation({ items: [] })],
     });
 
     const initStatus = TestBed.inject(ApplicationInitStatus);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.ts
index 472e886..320ee93 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/navigation/provide-navigation.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ export function provideNavigation(
   config: NavigationConfig
 ): EnvironmentProviders {
   return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    NavigationService,
     {
       provide: NAVIGATION_CONFIG,
       useValue: config,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-permission.directive.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-permission.directive.spec.ts
index 4101046..95700d2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-permission.directive.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-permission.directive.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Component } from '@angular/core';
 import { ComponentFixture, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { HasPermissionDirective } from './has-permission.directive';
 import { PermissionService } from '../permission.service';
+import { providePermissions } from '../provide-permissions';
 
 @Component({
   template: `<span *ffHasPermission="'resource.write'">Visible</span>`,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ describe('HasPermissionDirective', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       imports: [TestHostComponent],
+      providers: [providePermissions()],
     });
 
     service = TestBed.inject(PermissionService);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-role.directive.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-role.directive.spec.ts
index e44baf2..c3d19ac 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-role.directive.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/directives/has-role.directive.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { Component } from '@angular/core';
 import { ComponentFixture, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { HasRoleDirective } from './has-role.directive';
 import { PermissionService } from '../permission.service';
+import { providePermissions } from '../provide-permissions';
 
 @Component({
   template: `<span *ffHasRole="'admin'">Admin Only</span>`,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ describe('HasRoleDirective', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       imports: [TestHostComponent],
+      providers: [providePermissions()],
     });
 
     service = TestBed.inject(PermissionService);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/dynamic-permission.guard.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/dynamic-permission.guard.spec.ts
index 7362632..9363a02 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/dynamic-permission.guard.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/dynamic-permission.guard.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { dynamicPermissionGuard } from './dynamic-permission.guard';
 import { PermissionService } from '../permission.service';
 import { RoutePermissionMap } from '../dynamic-permission.types';
 import { DYNAMIC_PERMISSION_CONFIG } from '../provide-dynamic-permissions';
+import { providePermissions } from '../provide-permissions';
 
 @Component({ template: '', standalone: true })
 class DummyComponent {}
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ describe('dynamicPermissionGuard', () => {
     providers: any[] = [],
   ) {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
-      providers: [provideRouter(routes), ...providers],
+      providers: [provideRouter(routes), providePermissions(), ...providers],
     });
     service = TestBed.inject(PermissionService);
     router = TestBed.inject(Router);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/permission.guard.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/permission.guard.spec.ts
index 318c4a3..af0db12 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/permission.guard.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/guards/permission.guard.spec.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Router, provideRouter } from '@angular/router';
 import { Component } from '@angular/core';
 import { permissionGuard, roleGuard } from './permission.guard';
 import { PermissionService } from '../permission.service';
+import { providePermissions } from '../provide-permissions';
 
 @Component({ template: '', standalone: true })
 class DummyComponent {}
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ describe('permissionGuard', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        providePermissions(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'protected',
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ describe('roleGuard', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        providePermissions(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'admin',
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.spec.ts
index dd04f3a..d3318b4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.spec.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { PermissionService } from './permission.service';
+import { providePermissions } from './provide-permissions';
 
 describe('PermissionService', () => {
   let service: PermissionService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [providePermissions()] });
     service = TestBed.inject(PermissionService);
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.ts
index ef53ace..6a0dc4b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/permission.service.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { PermissionSnapshot } from './permission.types';
  * All queries return reactive signals — UI updates automatically
  * when permissions change.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class PermissionService {
   private readonly _permissions = signal<string[]>([]);
   private readonly _roles = signal<string[]>([]);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-dynamic-permissions.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-dynamic-permissions.spec.ts
index 2efcd4d..fd290fb 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-dynamic-permissions.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-dynamic-permissions.spec.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
 import { DynamicPermissionConfig, RoutePermissionMap } from './dynamic-permission.types';
 import { dynamicPermissionGuard } from './guards/dynamic-permission.guard';
 import { PermissionService } from './permission.service';
+import { providePermissions } from './provide-permissions';
 
 @Component({ template: '', standalone: true })
 class DummyComponent {}
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ describe('provideDynamicPermissions', () => {
     };
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
-      providers: [provideRouter([]), provideDynamicPermissions(config)],
+      providers: [provideRouter([]), providePermissions(), provideDynamicPermissions(config)],
     });
 
     const injected = TestBed.inject(DYNAMIC_PERMISSION_CONFIG);
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ describe('provideDynamicPermissions', () => {
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        providePermissions(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'secured',
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ describe('provideDynamicPermissions', () => {
   it('should respect fallbackBehavior from provided config', async () => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        providePermissions(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'unmapped',
@@ -94,6 +97,7 @@ describe('provideDynamicPermissions', () => {
   it('should respect redirectTo from provided config', async () => {
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        providePermissions(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'locked',
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ describe('provideDynamicPermissions', () => {
 
     TestBed.configureTestingModule({
       providers: [
+        providePermissions(),
         provideRouter([
           {
             path: 'page',
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-permissions.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-permissions.ts
index 2dd15eb..4e7916b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-permissions.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/permissions/provide-permissions.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 import { EnvironmentProviders, makeEnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
+import { PermissionService } from './permission.service';
 
 /**
  * Configures the Permissions module.
  *
- * Currently PermissionService is `providedIn: 'root'` and requires
- * no additional setup, so this factory returns an empty provider set.
- * It exists as a consistent entry-point for product `app.config.ts`
+ * Registers `PermissionService` and serves as a consistent entry-point for product `app.config.ts`
  * and as an extension point for future configuration (e.g. default
  * redirect route, permission loaders).
  *
@@ -19,5 +18,5 @@ import { EnvironmentProviders, makeEnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
  * ```
  */
 export function providePermissions(): EnvironmentProviders {
-  return makeEnvironmentProviders([]);
+  return makeEnvironmentProviders([PermissionService]);
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/session/index.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/session/index.ts
index c65d230..0cd6ed8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/session/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/session/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 export { SessionService } from './session.service';
 export { SESSION_TIMEOUT_CONFIG, DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT } from './session-timeout.config';
 export type { SessionState, SessionTimeoutConfig } from './session.types';
+export { provideSession } from './provide-session';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/session/provide-session.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/session/provide-session.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e187197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/session/provide-session.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { makeEnvironmentProviders, EnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
+import { SessionService } from './session.service';
+import { SESSION_TIMEOUT_CONFIG } from './session-timeout.config';
+import type { SessionTimeoutConfig } from './session.types';
+
+export function provideSession(
+  config?: SessionTimeoutConfig,
+): EnvironmentProviders {
+  return makeEnvironmentProviders([
+    SessionService,
+    ...(config
+      ? [{ provide: SESSION_TIMEOUT_CONFIG, useValue: config }]
+      : []),
+  ]);
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.spec.ts
index e26c7a4..a56dafd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { SessionService } from './session.service';
 import { SESSION_TIMEOUT_CONFIG } from './session-timeout.config';
 import { SessionTimeoutConfig } from './session.types';
+import { provideSession } from './provide-session';
 
 describe('SessionService', () => {
   let service: SessionService;
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ describe('SessionService', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
 
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideSession()] });
     service = TestBed.inject(SessionService);
   });
 
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ describe('SessionService', () => {
       TestBed.resetTestingModule();
       TestBed.configureTestingModule({
         providers: [
-          { provide: SESSION_TIMEOUT_CONFIG, useValue: customConfig },
+          provideSession(customConfig),
         ],
       });
       service = TestBed.inject(SessionService);
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.ts
index cb79938..c0c67b4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/session/session.service.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const ACTIVITY_THROTTLE_MS = 5_000;
  *
  * Configuration is injectable via `SESSION_TIMEOUT_CONFIG`.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class SessionService {
   /** Current session lifecycle state. */
   readonly sessionState = signal<SessionState>('expired');
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/index.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/index.ts
index 035af8a..499a3b1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 export { UserContextService } from './user-context.service';
 export { ROLE_PRIORITY } from './role-priority.config';
 export type { UserProfile, UserRole, DecodedToken } from './user-context.types';
+export { provideUserContext } from './provide-user-context';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/provide-user-context.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/provide-user-context.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..972b925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/provide-user-context.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { makeEnvironmentProviders, EnvironmentProviders } from '@angular/core';
+import { UserContextService } from './user-context.service';
+
+export function provideUserContext(): EnvironmentProviders {
+  return makeEnvironmentProviders([UserContextService]);
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.spec.ts
index 9c2a915..3230fca 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.spec.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
 import { UserContextService } from './user-context.service';
 import { ROLE_PRIORITY } from './role-priority.config';
 import { UserProfile } from './user-context.types';
+import { provideUserContext } from './provide-user-context';
 
 const MOCK_USER: UserProfile = {
   userId: 'u1',
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ describe('UserContextService', () => {
   let service: UserContextService;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
-    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
+    TestBed.configureTestingModule({ providers: [provideUserContext()] });
     service = TestBed.inject(UserContextService);
   });
 
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ describe('UserContextService', () => {
       TestBed.resetTestingModule();
       TestBed.configureTestingModule({
         providers: [
+          provideUserContext(),
           {
             provide: ROLE_PRIORITY,
             useValue: ['admin', 'supervisor', 'distributor', 'agent'],
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.ts
index 0e79103..c294edc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/user-context/user-context.service.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { UserProfile, UserRole } from './user-context.types';
  * The product layer is responsible for mapping its token/API
  * responses to these signals.
  */
-@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
+@Injectable()
 export class UserContextService {
   readonly user = signal<UserProfile | null>(null);
   readonly roles = signal<UserRole[]>([]);