From 6e3a8dfefc5b3d189fd6db822d556ad3846f5a11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 16:19:39 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Initial plan From bcaa9aad64dd4dc26904bf9cc6e53c3109d30c69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "copilot-swe-agent[bot]" <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 16:22:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Fix: clear language directories before glossary regeneration to remove deleted entries Co-authored-by: LukasWallrich <60155545+LukasWallrich@users.noreply.github.com> --- content/glossary/_create_glossaries.py | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/glossary/_create_glossaries.py b/content/glossary/_create_glossaries.py index 8c4d1d204f..ec9b948769 100755 --- a/content/glossary/_create_glossaries.py +++ b/content/glossary/_create_glossaries.py @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import json import pandas as pd import os +import shutil from io import StringIO script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) @@ -208,7 +209,10 @@ def clean_filename(title, max_length=200): # Create markdown files for language_name, entries in formatted_data.items(): language_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, language_name) - os.makedirs(language_dir, exist_ok=True) + # Remove existing directory to ensure deleted entries don't persist + if os.path.exists(language_dir): + shutil.rmtree(language_dir) + os.makedirs(language_dir) print(f"Creating {len(entries)} markdown files for {language_name}") From 265892861ed89ab25d3ed0b471aa83a7379fa870 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: richarddushime Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 10:24:44 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Update glossary entries - 2026-03-01 10:24:44 UTC --- content/glossary/apa_lookup.json | 4 +- content/glossary/arabic/_index.md | 86 -------- content/glossary/english/_index.md | 200 ------------------ content/glossary/english/p___hacking_.md | 34 --- content/glossary/english/p___value_.md | 33 --- content/glossary/german/_index.md | 54 ----- content/glossary/german/p___hacking_.md | 38 ---- content/glossary/turkish/_index.md | 59 ------ .../turkish/ad_hominem_satsatas\304\261.md" | 33 --- ...\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynak.md" | 32 --- ...5\237manca_i\314\207\305\237_yorumlama.md" | 35 --- ...207\303\247i\303\247elik_interlocking_.md" | 38 ---- ...304\261_\303\247atallanan_bah\303\247e.md" | 36 ---- 13 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 680 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 content/glossary/arabic/_index.md delete mode 100644 content/glossary/english/_index.md delete mode 100644 content/glossary/english/p___hacking_.md delete mode 100644 content/glossary/english/p___value_.md delete mode 100644 content/glossary/german/_index.md delete mode 100644 content/glossary/german/p___hacking_.md delete mode 100644 content/glossary/turkish/_index.md delete mode 100644 "content/glossary/turkish/ad_hominem_satsatas\304\261.md" delete mode 100644 "content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu_\303\266\304\237retmenlerin_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_olu\305\237turmas\304\261na_payla\305\237mas\304\261na_ve_yeniden_d\303\274zenlemesine_olanak_tan\304\261yan_serbest\303\247e_eri\305\237ilebilen_bir_\303\247evrimi\303\247i_k\303\274t\303\274phanedir_a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynak.md" delete mode 100644 "content/glossary/turkish/d\303\274\305\237manca_i\314\207\305\237_yorumlama.md" delete mode 100644 "content/glossary/turkish/i\314\207\303\247i\303\247elik_interlocking_.md" delete mode 100644 "content/glossary/turkish/yollar\304\261_\303\247atallanan_bah\303\247e.md" diff --git a/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json b/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json index 18265976da..c98dd7be42 100644 --- a/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json +++ b/content/glossary/apa_lookup.json @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "Flake2020": "Flake, J. K., & Fried, E. I. (2020). Measurement schmeasurement: Questionable measurement practices and how to avoid them. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 456–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920952393", "FletcherWatson2019": "Fletcher-Watson, S., Adams, J., Brook, K., Charman, T., Crane, L., Cusack, J., Leekam, S., Milton, D., Parr, J. R., & Pellicano, E. (2019). Making the Future Together: Shaping Autism Research Through Meaningful Participation. Autism, 23(4), 943–953.", "ForemanMackey2013": "Foreman-Mackey, D., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D., & Goodman, J. (2013). emcee: The MCMC Hammer. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 125(925), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1086/670067", - "Forrt2019": "Forrt. (2019). Introducing a Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training (FORRT). Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/bnh7p", + "FORRT2019": "Forrt. (2019). Introducing a Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training (FORRT). Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/bnh7p", "FORRT2021": "FORRT. (2021). Welcome to FORRT. Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training. https://forrt.org", "ForscherEtAl2022": "Forscher, P. S., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Coles, N. A., Silan, M. A., Dutra, N., Basnight-Brown, D., & IJzerman, H. (2022). The Benefits, Barriers, and Risks of Big-Team Science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221082970", "FosterDeardorff2017": "Foster, E. D., & Deardorff, A. (2017). Open science framework (OSF). Journal of the Medical Library Association, 105(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.88", @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ "Kruschke2015": "Kruschke, J. K. (2015). Doing Bayesian data analysis: A tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan (2nd ed.). Academic Press.", "Kuhn1962": "Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.", "Kukull2012": "Kukull, W. A., & Ganguli, M. (2012). Generalizability: The trees, the forest, and the low-hanging fruit. Neurology, 78(23), 1886–1891. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f812", - "HavenVanGrootel2019": "Haven, T. L., & Van Grootel, L. (2019). Preregistering qualitative research. Accountability in Research, 26(3), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147", + "HavenvanGrootel2019": "Haven, T. L., & Van Grootel, L. (2019). Preregistering qualitative research. Accountability in Research, 26(3), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147", "Laakso2013": "Laakso, M., & Björk, B. C. (2013). Delayed open access: An overlooked high‐impact category of openly available scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(7), 1323–1329.", "Laine2017": "Laine, H. (2017). Afraid of scooping – Case study on researcher strategies against fear of scooping in the context of open science. In Data Science Journal (Vol. 16, pp. 1–14). https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2017-029", "Lakatos1978": "Lakatos, I. (1978). The Methodology of Scientific Research Programs: Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.", diff --git a/content/glossary/arabic/_index.md b/content/glossary/arabic/_index.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4496cc08cf..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/arabic/_index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,86 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Glossary -toc: true -# View. -# 1 = List -# 2 = Compact -# 3 = Card -# 4 = Citation -view: 1 - -# Optional header image (relative to `static/media/` folder). -header: - caption: "" - image: "" -type: "glossary" ---- - -
- - -
English -Deutsch (German) - عربي (Arabic) -Türkçe (Turkish)
- -### لمحة عامّة - -في العقد الأخير، قدَّمت حركة العلم المفتوح (Open Science) العديد من الممارسات البحثيّة الجديدة وقامت بتطوير ممارسات أخرى قائمة. ويمكن أن يبدو اتّساع نطاق هذه المبادرات أمرا مربكاً، ممّا يجعل المقدمات السَّهلة الفهم لهذه الموضوعات أمرا مهماً (على سبيل المثال، Cruwell et al., 2019 ; Kathawalla, Silverstein, & Syed, 2020). إنّ إنشاء فهم مشترك لأهداف هذه المبادرات يُسهَل مناقشة نقاط القوة والضّعف لكلّ ممارسة، ممّا يساعدنا في النّهاية على العمل نحو تحقيق يوتوبيا للبحث العلمي (Nosek & Bar-Anan, 2012). - -وقد صاحب هذا التّحول الثّقافي نحو زيادة الشّفافية والدّقة في ممارسات البحث ظهورُ مجموعة كبيرة من المصطلحات الجديدة ضمن سياق ممارسات وثقافة البحث العلمي. وبالنّسبة لغير المطّلعين على هذه المفاهيم، فقد تشكّل المصطلحات الجديدة عائقا يحول دون متابعة هذا النقاش والانضمام إليه؛ أمّا بالنسبة للذين هم على اطّلاع عليها، فقد تؤدي التّعريفات الغامضة أو المتنافسة إلى حدوث ارتباك وسوء فهم. - -من أجل تقليل هذه العوائق وتعزيز الفهم، نقدّم قاموساً شاملاً للمصطلحات المتعلقة بالمعرفة المفتوحة. هدفنا من هذا القاموس توضيح المصطلحات، بما في ذلك الحالات التي تُستخدم فيها بشكل مختلف أو متبادل، أو التي تكون أقلّ شيوعاً في بعض المجالات أو بين الطلاب. كما نأمل أن يكون هذا القاموس مرجعاً مفيداً للمبتدئين في هذه المفاهيم، ممّا يساعدهم على اكتساب الثقة في مناقشة الموضوعات المتعلقة بالمعرفة المفتوحة. ونطمح أيضًا أن يساهم هذا القاموس في التّّوجيه والتّدريس، ويسهّل التّواصل الفعّال بين المبتدئين والخبراء. - -إذا كنت تستخدم هذا القاموس بأي شكل من الأشكال، فيرجى الاستشهاد بالورقة البحثية المرتبطة به: - - Parsons, S., Azevedo, F., Elsherif, M. M., Guay, S., Shahim, O. N., Govaart, G. H., … & Aczel, B. (2022). A Community-Sourced Glossary of Open Scholarship Terms. *Nature human behavior*, *6(*3), 312-318. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4) - -👀 \[[رابط الوصول المفتوح](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01269-4.epdf?sharing_token=W_TZGO-OJViBl9hEyMTu6dRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OFck_K78fP6Dn2WloQwBbMnV4T-eihKTPp8slIWvh1iaWhxvWntEdAfj0kShWNALehqzYXxWj801ojWn3ADdBewA-lDGsxSzJwN4DZpYZQ13hXKV42ADJSmckFDjzKxtI%3D) للنسخة المحرّرة على موقع الناشر، وهنا [نسخة ما قبل الطباعة](https://osf.io/kdqcw/) التي تطابق النسخة المنشورة.\] ⬅️ - - - -### **حالة المشروع** - -لقد وصلنا بنجاح إلى نهاية *المرحلة الأولى* 🎉. وهذا يعني أننا تمكنّا من تحويل فكرة طموحة إلى مشروع جماعي شامل بمشاركة أكثر من *110 متعاونين*، حيث تمّ الاتفاق على تعريف أكثر من *250 مصطلحاً متعلقاً بالمعرفة المفتوحة* بعد نقاشات مطوّلة، كما قمنا بمراجعة هذه المصطلحات بدقّة. ولقد نشرنا دراستنا في مجلة [*Nature Human Behavior*](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4)، حيث تمّ إدراج جميع المساهمين كمؤلفين مشاركين. 🥳 - -### **شكر وتقدير للمترجمين** - -نود أن نعرب عن خالص شكرنا وتقديرنا للمترجمين والمراجعين الذين ساهموا في إنجاز هذا العمل: - -**Arabic Glossary Translation Team** - -| | | -|---|---| -| Ali H. Al-Hoorie | علي حسين الحوري | -| Amani A. Aloufi | أماني عبدالرحمن العوفي | -| Asma A. Alzahrani | أسماء علي الزهراني | -| Hala M. Alghamdi | هلا الغامدي | -| Ahlam Ahmed Almehmadi | أحلام أحمد المحمادي | -| Hiba A. Alomary | هبة علي العُمري | -| Alaa M. Saleh | آلاء مأمون صالح | -| Zainab Abdullah Alsuhaibani | زينب عبدالله السحيباني | -| Abdulsamad Yahya Humaidan | عبد الصمد يحيى حميدان | -| Naif Ali Masrahi | نايف علي مسرحي | -| Awatif K. Alruwaili | عواطف كاتب الرويلي | -| Mahdi R. Aben Ahmed | مهدي رضاء أبن أحمد | -| Ruwayshid N. Alruwaili | رويشد نافع الرويلي | -| Hussain Mohammed Alzubaidi | حسين محمد الزبيدي | -| Nazik Noaman A. Alnour | نازك نعمان أحمد النور | -| Moustafa Mohammed Shalaby | مصطفي محمد شلبي | -| Nabil Ali Sayed | نبيل علي سعيد | -| Mai Salah El din Helmy | مي صلاح الدين حلمي | -| Ahmed Hadi Hakami | أحمد هادي حكمي | -| Sarah S. Almutairi | ساره المطيري | -| Mohammed Ali Mohsen | محمد محسن | - -### **المرحلة الثانية** - -🚨 [المرحلة الثانية من مشروع قاموس FORRT مفتوحة الآن](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BKzztg7srUeC_2Yn0b7cMbxp_vYMDlOnEYpxg_S2hWs/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.2l8ssl89e1ey) 🚨\! - -بعد النّجاح الذي حقّقته المرحلة الأولى، ندعوكم للمساهمة في تحسين هذا المرجع. نحن نسعى للحصول على مساهمات متنوّعة تشمل تحسين التّعريفات الحاليّة، وتوسيع نطاق المصطلحات، بالإضافة إلى ترجمة المصطلحات لتعزيز سهولة الوصول. - ---- - -يمكن الاطلاع على قائمة المراجع الكاملة للقاموس [هنا](/glossary/references). - -
diff --git a/content/glossary/english/_index.md b/content/glossary/english/_index.md deleted file mode 100644 index a75827afe4..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/english/_index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,200 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Glossary -toc: true -# View. -# 1 = List -# 2 = Compact -# 3 = Card -# 4 = Citation -view: 1 - -# Optional header image (relative to `static/media/` folder). -header: - caption: "" - image: "" -type: "glossary" ---- - -
English -Deutsch (German) - عربي (Arabic) -Türkçe (Turkish)
- -### Introduction - -In the last decade, the Open Science movement has introduced and modified many research practices. The breadth of these initiatives can be overwhelming, and digestible introductions to these topics are valuable (e.g. Crüwell et al. 2019; Kathawalla, Silverstein, & Syed, 2020). Creating a shared understanding of the purposes of these initiatives facilitates discussions of the strengths and weaknesses of each practice, ultimately helping us work towards a research utopia (Nosek & Bar-Anan, 2012). - -Accompanying this cultural shift towards increased transparency and rigour has been a wealth of terminology within the zeitgeist of research practice and culture. For those unfamiliar, the new nomenclature can be a barrier to follow and join the discussions; for those familiar, potentially vague or competing definitions can cause confusion and misunderstandings. For example, even the “classic” 2015 paper “Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science” (Open Science Collaboration, 2015) can be argued to assess the replicability of research findings. - -In order to reduce barriers to entry and understanding, we present a Glossary of terms relating to open scholarship. We aim that the glossary will help clarify terminologies, including where terms are used differently/interchangeably or where terms are less known in some fields or among students. We also hope that this glossary will be a welcome resource for those new to these concepts, and that it helps grow their confidence in navigating discussions of open scholarship. We also hope that this glossary aids in mentoring and teaching, and allows newcomers and experts to communicate efficiently. - -{{% alert note %}} - -If you use this glossary in any form, please cite the associated paper: Parsons, S., Azevedo, F., Elsherif, M. M., Guay, S., Shahim, O. N., Govaart, G. H., ... & Aczel, B. (2022). A Community-Sourced Glossary of Open Scholarship Terms. *Nature human behaviour, 6*(3), 312-318. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4) - -👀 [The [Open Access link](https://rdcu.be/cHsqM) to the copy-edited version at the publisher's website, and here's the [postprint](https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/kdqcw) which is the same as the published version.] ⬅️ - -{{% /alert %}} - -The list of terms we have drafted and reviewed can be found on the left if you are viewing this page on a computer screen or bigger, otherwise they can be found at the bottom of the page. If you hover a word, you will be able to read the full description of the term. To know more about a term, including references, simply click on it and it will bring you to the term page. - - -### Project Status - -
- -We successfully arrived at the end of ***Phase 1*** 🎉. This means we managed to go from an ambitious idea to a full blown crowd-sourced project in which more than ***110 collaborators*** defined via consensus after much discussion and reviewed upwards of ***250 Open Scholarship terms***. We published our manuscript at [***Nature Human Behavior***](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4), where all contributors are co-authors. 🥳 - -### Phase 2 - -
- -[

🚨 Phase 2 of the FORRT glossary project is now open ! 🚨

](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BKzztg7srUeC_2Yn0b7cMbxp_vYMDlOnEYpxg_S2hWs/) - -
- -Following the success of Phase 1, we invite you to help us continue to improve this resource. We are interested in a wide range of contributions to improve existing definitions, extend the scope of the terms, as well as translating terms to improve accessibility. We have opened four live working documents [(see the landing page](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BKzztg7srUeC_2Yn0b7cMbxp_vYMDlOnEYpxg_S2hWs/edit?usp=sharing) for instructions and links to working documents). Please read the instructions for contributors. We have prepared these to help guide constructive feedback and facilitate a smooth editorial process. - -We aim to regularly implement suggested changes and improvements. If you believe an existing definition is incorrect please contact the project leads, we aim to correct any mistakes as quickly as possible. We see the glossary as a potential starting point for other projects and resources the community feels may be needed. Please contact us if you have suggestions for publications or have ideas for related projects that could use or adapt the glossary. - -To receive updates please join [FORRT's Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/forrt/shared_invite/zt-alobr3z7-NOR0mTBfD1vKXn9qlOKqaQ). You can also contact [FORRT](mailto:info@forrt.org), and project leads [Sam Parsons](mailto:sam.parsons@psy.ox.ac.uk) and [Flávio Azevedo](mailto:flavio.azevedo@uni-jena.de). For information on Phase 1 of FORRT’s Glossary Project, see below. - - - -### Glossary Versioning - -We plan to continuously improve, extend, and update our items with community involvement. Versioning will allow the study of the evolution of the terminology. The version-controlled source code of the official releases of the complete Glossary is archived on FORRT’s [GitHub](https://github.com/forrtproject/forrtproject.github.io/tree/master/content/glossary), [OSF](https://osf.io/vdb8z/), and [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/record/5643745). The present glossary is the Beta 0.1 version and can be accessed from within FORRT website (as will its updates) below: - -1. Current Version: [FORRT's Glossary | Phase 1 | Beta version 0.1](/glossary/vbeta) - - -### Phase 1 - -
- -{{< expand "Expand to learn more about details of the Phase 1" >}} - -
- ---- - -#### Phase 1 - ***from an ambitious idea to a crowd-sourced project*** - ---- - -Phase 1 had three parts, A, B, and C. Below you find the explanations of each of them and the instructions given to the contributors. - -**Part A** - -#### Project methods and guidelines - -1. Concept - -At the start of Phase 1, the lead writing team developed the overall project concept, including the first version of the Glossary skeleton outlining how we would like to proceed with facilitating and recognizing contributions from the community. - -Through this process, the community-driven glossary development procedure deliberately centred the Open Scholarship ethos of accessibility, diversity, equity, and inclusion. And hence, we aimed to capture the wide scope of Open Scholarship, including terms related to education, diversity, equity, and inclusivity. - -The sentence below, by one of our members, captures the ethos of this project. - -> Hey there world, we are doing this glossary thing hoping it is useful. We hope we got ***most*** things right, but please let us know when we didn't and how to improve it (we expect there's lots to improve, hence a Phase 2). And please be mindful that our goal isn't to provide *definitive* definitions but rather create an educational resource aiming at decreasing the burden of educators trying to integrate open and reproducible principles into their teaching as well as increasing accessibility to niche knowledge about Open Scholarship. - -2. The Definitions - -Each entry (or term) should follow a standard format (provided below). The definitions should be concise, ideally no more than three or four sentences, using non-technical language (as much as possible). They must also contain enough information to be useful. Please include supporting information (e.g., citations) for an appropriate reference that gives more detail or an example of the term in practice. If possible, please add the APA formatted reference to the references section --or provide enough information for one of the lead writing team to find it (e.g., the page number being quoted from). - -Where there are several, potentially competing definitions for a term (e.g. some fields use reproducibility and replicability in opposing ways), please enter this as an alternative definition. Alternative definitions should be distinct in some way, and not rephrasing of other definitions. Where there are alternative definitions, it would be maximally beneficial to include a reference for all possible definitions: remember that the goal is to educate on existing terms rather than asserting authority about what is *the* correct definition. - -3. Community contributions - -In this phase we aim to populate the glossary section. We will share an open invite for contributions via the FORRT community and social media. We invite all interested to: write definitions, comment on existing definitions, add alternative definitions where applicable, and suggest relevant references. If you feel that key terms are missing, please add it - you can let us know, or ask contact us with suggestions in the [FORRT slack](https://join.slack.com/t/forrt/shared_invite/zt-alobr3z7-NOR0mTBfD1vKXn9qlOKqaQ) or email [sam.parsons@psy.ox.ac.uk](mailto:sam.parsons@psy.ox.ac.uk) and [flavio.azevedo@uni-jena.de](mailto:flavio.azevedo@uni-jena.de). Once all terms have been added, the lead writing team (Parsons, Azevedo, & Elsherif) will develop an abridged version to submit as a manuscript. We outline the kinds of contributions and their correspondence to authorship in more detail in the next section. Don't forget to add your name and details to the [contributions spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0/edit?usp=sharing). - -4. Manuscript development and submission - -There are two outputs for this project. First, the entire glossary will appear on the [FORRT website](https://forrt.org/). Second, an abridged version will be submitted for publication. The lead writing team will handle the overall manuscript development, project administration, formatting, etc. For the manuscript submission, the lead writing team will be considered joint first authors. A final version will be shared so that all contributors have the chance to check that they are happy with the final version of the manuscript. - -5. Contributions and Authorship - -In this project we will use the CREDIT taxonomy ([https://casrai.org/credit/](https://casrai.org/credit/)) in this prepared [contributors spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0). Please add your details (including ORCID) and contributions as you make them. This will facilitate the development of this project, allow us to easily communicate with all contributors, and ensure that all contributions are recognized. - -Every few days, one of the team will review this document to finalize definitions that have had sufficient input. - -We invite several specific contributions: _original draft preparation_, and _review & editing_. To help decide what contributions to select, please refer to these outlines. Please add your details to the [contributor spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zvgAHWfTq6cbj3wMAr46zFU0w5JdV6796sM8FsO13y0/edit?usp=sharing) as you make any contributions. This will also allow us to contact you as we enter later stages of the manuscript development. It is important to note that it is not our aim to distinguish these contributions in terms of prestige. If you are uncertain, please contact one of the lead writing team members. - -* Writing | Original Draft Preparation: We consider this contribution as, for example, writing at least one full glossary entry. If you wrote the original draft for an entry, please add your name to the “Drafted by” field and be sure to tick the “Original Draft Preparation” checkbox in the contributors spreadsheet. - -* Writing | Review & Editing: We consider this contribution as, for example, providing constructive comments, feedback, and approval, on more than 5 glossary entries (we acknowledge that towards the end of the project the main contribution will be checking definitions for agreement and so it may be difficult for some people to make large writing contributions. Please remember to add your name to the “Reviewed by” field and be sure to tick the “Review & Editing” checkbox in the contributors spreadsheet. - -6. Template & Example - -**Term: XXX** - -**Definition:** XXX - -**Related terms:** XXX - -**Alternative definition:** (if applicable) - -**Related terms to alternative definition:** (if applicable) - -**Reference(s):** XXX - -**Drafted by:** XXX - -**Reviewed (or Edited) by:** XXX; XXX; XXX - ---- - -**Term: CRediT** - -**Definition:** The Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT; https://casrai.org/credit/) is a high-level taxonomy, including 14 roles, that can be used to indicate the roles typically adopted by contributors to scientific scholarly output. The roles describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. They can be assigned multiple times to different authors and one author can also be assigned multiple roles. CRediT includes the following roles: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. A description of the different roles can be found in the work of Brand et al., (2015). -**Related terms:** Authorship -**Alternative definition:** (if applicable) -**Related terms to alternative definition:** (if applicable) -**Reference(s):** Brand et al. (2015); Holcombe (2019); https://casrai.org/credit/ -**Drafted by:** Sam Parsons -**Reviewed (or Edited) by:** Myriam A. Baum; Matt Jaquiery; Connor Keating; Yuki Yamada - -
- -**Part B** - -We completely filled the original G-doc with comments and so have moved the project into two fresh documents (retaining your open comments, but not the resolved ones). Please see the links below to keep discussing and working on the terms. Both documents contain all instructions for contributors/authors. If you have any trouble, please contact [sam.parsons@psy.ox.ac.uk](mailto:sam.parsons@psy.ox.ac.uk) or [flavio.azevedo@uni-jena.de](mailto:flavio.azevedo@uni-jena.de) or check on the [FORRT Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/forrt/shared_invite/zt-alobr3z7-NOR0mTBfD1vKXn9qlOKqaQ). - -* [Terms beginning A – L](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IpkueFstVauvKrvgd-0OddAeAr2YGReY2IiSJILmY2I) -* [Terms beginning M – Z](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OV1WKyLMmCvcrHaO9iVCdxOGVxoEza4yjvdT6Q5ZBKE) - -This was unplanned, we didn’t know G-docs had a limit. - -
- -**Part C** - -We are now working on our [manuscript](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1N1xQzWxYVW1Nbdv4vG3T56xwoOJH1ZwMgvqr7Mlslyw) as well as its implementation in [FORRT’s website](https://forrt.org/glossary). - -Editorial advice was given to us and it suggested us to choose 50 items to go into a 'box' (a sort of a table that doesn't have word limits). However, it is of fundamental importance to note that these 50 terms are not the community's conception —or leading authors'— of 'main' terms, or 'core' terms, or 'most important terms'. We tried as much as possible —and in line with FORRT's [mission](https://forrt.org/about/mission/), FORRT's [Code of Conduct](https://forrt.org/coc/), and FORRT's [Manuscript](https://forrt.org/manuscript/)— to choose items that give representation to a variety of past, present and future issue of Open Scholarship. The chosen 50 terms reflect the diversity and plurality of terms for the broader OS, not only for this or that discipline, or this or that view of what Open Scholarship is. Now, that's not to say these 50 comprise a perfect list. It is not, and we are bound to disagree on which terms should have made the list and which shouldn't have. And that's both normal and OK 😊 - -After the manuscript's submission and the display of defined terms in FORRT's Glossary webpage, we will proceed to Phase 2, which aims to improve upon existing definitions, extend the scope of terms defined, and translate it to other languages to increase access. - -#### Feedback - -Would you like to give feedback, help us review terms, or add terms? You can do so by watching this space, joining [FORRT's Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/forrt/shared_invite/zt-alobr3z7-NOR0mTBfD1vKXn9qlOKqaQ), contacting [FORRT](info@forrt.org), or contacting project leads [Sam Parsons](sam.parsons@psy.ox.ac.uk) and [Flávio Azevedo](mailto:flavio.azevedo@uni-jena.de). - -{{< /expand >}} - ---- - -The complete reference list for the glossary can be viewed [here](/glossary/references). diff --git a/content/glossary/english/p___hacking_.md b/content/glossary/english/p___hacking_.md deleted file mode 100644 index 66fd0f1772..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/english/p___hacking_.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "p*****-hacking *", - "definition": "Exploiting techniques that may artificially increase the likelihood of obtaining a statistically significant result by meeting the standard statistical significance criterion (typically α \\= .05). For example, performing multiple analyses and reporting only those at *p* \\< .05, selectively removing data until *p* \\< .05, selecting variables for use in analyses based on whether those parameters are statistically significant.", - "related_terms": [ - "Analytic flexibility", - "Fishing", - "Garden of forking paths", - "HARKing", - "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)", - "Selective reporting" - ], - "references": [ - "Hardwicke, T. E., Jameel, L., Jones, M., Walczak, E. J., & Weinberg, L. M. (2014). Only human: Scientists, systems, and suspect statistics. Opticon1826, 16, 25. https://doi.org/10.5334/OPT.CH", - "Neuroskeptic. (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 643–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459519" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Mahmoud Elsherif" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Tamara Kalandadze", - "William Ngiam", - "Sam Parsons", - "Martin Vasilev" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "english", - "aliases": [ - "/glossary/p___hacking_" - ], - "sort_key": "p*****-hacking *" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/glossary/english/p___value_.md b/content/glossary/english/p___value_.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9c40f2e955..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/english/p___value_.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "p*****-value *", - "definition": "A statistic used to evaluate the outcome of a hypothesis test in Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST). It refers to the probability of observing an effect, or more extreme effect, assuming the null hypothesis is true (Lakens, 2021b). The American Statistical Association’s statement on p-values (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016\\) notes that p-values are not an indicator of the truth of the null hypothesis and instead defines p-values in this way: “Informally, a p-value is the probability under a specified statistical model that a statistical summary of the data (e.g., the sample mean difference between two compared groups) would be equal to or more extreme than its observed value” (p. 131).", - "related_terms": [ - "Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing (NHST)", - "statistical significance" - ], - "references": [ - "psyTeachR Team. (n.d.). P | Glossary. psyTeachR. https://psyteachr.github.io/glossary", - "Lakens, D. (2021). The Practical Alternative to the p Value Is the Correctly Used p Value. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(3), 639–648. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620958012", - "Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70, 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Alaa AlDoh; Flávio Azevedo" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Jamie P. Cockcroft", - "Charlotte R. Pennington", - "Suzanne L. K. Stewart", - "Robbie C.M. van Aert", - "Marcel A.L.M. van Assen", - "Martin Vasilev" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "english", - "aliases": [ - "/glossary/p___value_" - ], - "sort_key": "p*****-value *" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/glossary/german/_index.md b/content/glossary/german/_index.md deleted file mode 100644 index aaaa30e828..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/german/_index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Glossar -toc: true -# View. -# 1 = List -# 2 = Compact -# 3 = Card -# 4 = Citation -view: 1 - -# Optional header image (relative to `static/media/` folder). -header: - caption: "" - image: "" -type: "glossary" ---- - -
English -Deutsch (German) - عربي (Arabic) -Türkçe (Turkish)
- -### Einführung - -In den letzten zehn Jahren hat die Open-Science-Bewegung viele Forschungspraktiken eingeführt und modifiziert. Die Vielzahl dieser Initiativen kann überwältigend sein, und verständliche Einführungen zu diesen Themen sind wertvoll (z.B. Crüwell et al. 2019; Kathawalla, Silverstein & Syed, 2020). Ein gemeinsames Verständnis der Ziele dieser Initiativen erleichtert die Diskussion der Stärken und Schwächen jeder Praxis und hilft uns letztendlich, Forschung nachhaltig zu verbessern (Nosek & Bar-Anan, 2012). - -Mit dem kulturellen Wandel hin zu mehr Transparenz und Strenge hat sich eine Fülle von Begriffen im Zeitgeist der Forschungspraxis und -kultur entwickelt. Für diejenigen, die mit der neuen Nomenklatur nicht vertraut sind, kann sie ein Hindernis sein, den Diskussionen zu folgen und sich daran zu beteiligen; auch für diejenigen, die damit vertraut sind, können potenziell vage oder konkurrierende Definitionen zu Verwirrung und Missverständnissen führen. - -Um Barrieren für den Einstieg und das Verständnis zu verringern, präsentieren wir ein Glossar der Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit Open Science. Wir hoffen, dass das Glossar hilft, Terminologien zu klären, einschließlich der Fälle, in denen Begriffe unterschiedlich oder austauschbar verwendet werden oder in einigen Bereichen oder unter Studierenden weniger bekannt sind. Wir hoffen auch, dass dieses Glossar eine willkommene Ressource für Neulinge in diesen Konzepten ist und ihr Selbstvertrauen in Diskussionen über offenes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten stärkt. Wir hoffen auch, dass dieses Glossar beim Mentoring und Lehren hilft und es sowohl Neulingen als auch Experten ermöglicht, effizient zu kommunizieren. - -{{% alert note %}} - -Wenn Sie dieses Glossar in irgendeiner Form verwenden, zitieren Sie bitte das zugehörige Paper: - - Parsons, S., Azevedo, F., Elsherif, M. M., Guay, S., Shahim, O. N., Govaart, G. H., ... & Aczel, B. (2022). A Community-Sourced Glossary of Open Scholarship Terms. *Nature human behaviour, 6*(3), 312-318. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4) - -👀 [Der [Open Access Link](https://rdcu.be/cHsqM) zur redigierten Version auf der Website des Verlags, und hier ist der [Postprint](https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/kdqcw), der identisch mit der veröffentlichten Version ist.] ⬅️ - -{{% /alert %}} - -### Projektstatus - -Wir haben Phase 1 erfolgreich abgeschlossen 🎉. Das bedeutet, dass wir von einer ambitionierten Idee zu einem vollständig gemeinschaftlich erstellten Projekt übergegangen sind, bei dem mehr als ***110 Mitwirkende*** nach intensiver Diskussion und Konsensfindung über ***250 Begriffe des offenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens*** definiert und überprüft haben. Wir haben unser Manuskript bei [***Nature Human Behavior***](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4) veröffentlicht, bei dem alle Mitwirkenden als Koautoren aufgeführt sind. 🥳 - -### Phase 2 - -[

🚨 Phase 2 des FORRT-Glossar-Projekts ist jetzt offen ! 🚨

](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BKzztg7srUeC_2Yn0b7cMbxp_vYMDlOnEYpxg_S2hWs/) - -Nach dem Erfolg von Phase 1 laden wir Sie ein, uns weiterhin dabei zu helfen, diese Ressource zu verbessern. Wir sind an einer Vielzahl von Beiträgen interessiert, um bestehende Definitionen zu verbessern, den Umfang der Begriffe zu erweitern sowie die Definitionen in viele Sprachen zu übersetzen, um die Zugänglichkeit zu verbessern. - ---- - -Die vollständige Referenzliste für das Glossar kann [hier](/glossary/references) eingesehen werden. - diff --git a/content/glossary/german/p___hacking_.md b/content/glossary/german/p___hacking_.md deleted file mode 100644 index d8f13e6c42..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/german/p___hacking_.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "p*****-hacking *", - "definition": "Nutzung von Techniken, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines statistisch signifikanten Ergebnisses künstlich erhöhen können, indem sie das statistische Standard-Signifikanzkriterium (in der Regel α \\= .05) erfüllen. Zum Beispiel die Durchführung mehrerer Analysen und die Angabe nur derjenigen mit *p* \\< .05, das selektive Entfernen von Daten bis *p* \\< .05, die Auswahl von Variablen für die Verwendung in Analysen auf der Grundlage, ob diese Parameter statistisch signifikant sind.", - "related_terms": [ - "Analytic flexibility", - "Fishing", - "Garden of forking paths", - "HARKing", - "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)", - "Selective reporting" - ], - "references": [ - "Hardwicke, T. E., Jameel, L., Jones, M., Walczak, E. J., & Weinberg, L. M. (2014). Only human: Scientists, systems, and suspect statistics. Opticon1826, 16, 25. https://doi.org/10.5334/OPT.CH", - "Neuroskeptic. (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 643–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459519" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Mahmoud Elsherif" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Tamara Kalandadze", - "William Ngiam", - "Sam Parsons", - "Martin Vasilev" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "german", - "translated_by": [ - "Susanne Vogel" - ], - "translation_reviewed_by": [ - "Helena Hartmann", - "Jennifer Mattschey" - ], - "sort_key": "p*****-hacking *" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md b/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md deleted file mode 100644 index 62ea50ab90..0000000000 --- a/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Sözlük -toc: true -# View. -# 1 = List -# 2 = Compact -# 3 = Card -# 4 = Citation -view: 1 - -# Optional header image (relative to `static/media/` folder). -header: - caption: "" - image: "" -type: "glossary" ---- - -
English -Deutsch (German) - عربي (Arabic) -Türkçe (Turkish)
- -### Arka Plan - -Son on yılda Açık Bilim hareketi, araştırma uygulamalarında birçok yenilik getirmiş ve mevcut uygulamaları dönüştürmüştür. Bu girişimlerin kapsamı oldukça geniştir ve bu konulara yönelik anlaşılır ve sindirilebilir giriş metinleri değer taşımaktadır (örn., Crüwell ve ark., 2019; Kathawalla, Silverstein ve Syed, 2020). Bu girişimlerin amaçlarına dair ortak bir anlayış oluşturmak, her bir uygulamanın güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin tartışılmasını kolaylaştırır ve nihayetinde bizi bir araştırma ütopyasına doğru ilerletir (Nosek ve Bar-Anan, 2012). - -Artan şeffaflık ve titizlik yönündeki bu kültürel dönüşüme, araştırma uygulamaları ve kültürünün ruhunu yansıtan zengin bir terminoloji de eşlik etmiştir. Bu alana aşina olmayanlar için yeni adlandırmalar tartışmaları takip etme ve bu tartışmalara katılma konusunda bir engel oluşturabilir. Aşina olanlar için ise belirsiz ya da birbiriyle rekabet eden tanımlar kafa karışıklığına ve yanlış anlamalara yol açabilir. - -Giriş ve anlayış önündeki engelleri azaltmak amacıyla, açık bilimle ilişkili terimlerden oluşan bir Sözlük sunuyoruz. Bu sözlüğün, terimlerin nerede farklı ya da birbirinin yerine kullanıldığını ve bazı alanlarda ya da öğrenciler arasında daha az bilinen kavramları açıklığa kavuşturmasına yardımcı olmasını amaçlıyoruz. Ayrıca, bu sözlüğün, yeni başlayanlar için faydalı bir kaynak olmasını ve açık bilim tartışmalarında kendilerini daha güvenle ifade etmelerine katkı sağlamasını umuyoruz. Bunun yanı sıra, sözlüğün mentörlük ve öğretim süreçlerini desteklemesini ve yeni başlayanlar ile uzmanların etkili ve verimli bir şekilde iletişim kurmasına katkıda bulunmasını temenni ediyoruz. - -{{% alert note %}} - -Bu sözlüğü herhangi bir biçimde kullanmanız durumunda, lütfen ilgili makaleye atıf yapınız: - -Parsons, S., Azevedo, F., Elsherif, M. M., Guay, S., Shahim, O. N., Govaart, G. H., … & Aczel, B. (2022). A Community-Sourced Glossary of Open Scholarship Terms. *Nature Human Behaviour, 6*(3), 312–318. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4) - -👀 [Yayımcının web sitesindeki kopya-düzenlenmiş sürümün [Açık Erişim bağlantısı](https://rdcu.be/cHsqM) ve yayımlanan sürümle aynı olan [son-baskı versiyonu](https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/kdqcw).] ⬅️ - -{{% /alert %}} - -### Proje Durumu - -
- -Aşama I'in sonuna başarıyla ulaştık 🎉. Bu, iddialı bir fikirden yola çıkarak ***110'dan fazla katkıcının*** kapsamlı tartışmalar ve uzlaşı yoluyla ***250'den fazla Açık Bilim terimini*** tanımladığı ve gözden geçirdiği tam kapsamlı, kitlesel katılımlı bir projeye dönüştüğümüz anlamına geliyor. Makalemizi [***Nature Human Behaviour***](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4) dergisinde yayımladık ve tüm katkıcılar eş-yazar olarak yer aldı. 🥳 - -### Aşama II - -
- -[

🚨 FORRT sözlük projesinin Aşama II'si artık açık ! 🚨

](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BKzztg7srUeC_2Yn0b7cMbxp_vYMDlOnEYpxg_S2hWs/) - -
- -Aşama I'in başarısının ardından, bu kaynağı geliştirmeye devam etmemize yardımcı olmanız için sizi davet ediyoruz. Mevcut tanımları iyileştirmeye, terimlerin kapsamını genişletmeye ve erişilebilirliği artırmak amacıyla terimleri farklı dillere çevirmeye yönelik geniş bir katkı yelpazesine açığız. - ---- - -Sözlüğün tam kaynak listesine [buradan](/glossary/references) ulaşabilirsiniz. diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/ad_hominem_satsatas\304\261.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/ad_hominem_satsatas\304\261.md" deleted file mode 100644 index f57857099f..0000000000 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/ad_hominem_satsatas\304\261.md" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "Ad Hominem Satsatası [Ad hominem bias]", - "definition": "Ad hominem latince ‘kişiye’ anlamına gelir. Bir argümanın ya da çalışmanın, içeriğine değil, onu ortaya koyan kişinin özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmesi durumudur. Ad hominem safsatası; örneğin bir rakibin ya da kin tutulan birinin çalışmasının, niteliğinden bağımsız olarak gereğinden fazla eleştirilmesi gibi, olumsuz olabilir. Aynı zamanda, bir arkadaşın çalışmasının hak ettiğinden daha iyi değerlendirilmesi gibi, olumlu da olabilir.", - "related_terms": [ - "Peer review" - ], - "references": [ - "Barnes, R. M., Johnston, H. M., MacKenzie, N., Tobin, S. J., & Taglang, C. M. (2018). The effect of ad hominem attacks on the evaluation of claims promoted by scientists. PloS One, 13(1), e0192025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192025", - "Tvina, A., Spellecy, R., & Palatnik, A. (2019). Bias in the peer review process: can we do better? Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(6), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003260" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Mahmoud Elsherif" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Bradley Baker", - "Filip Dechterenko", - "Bethan Iley", - "Madeleine Ingham", - "Graham Reid" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "turkish", - "translated_by": [ - "Ege Emek" - ], - "translation_reviewed_by": [ - "Elif Bastan" - ], - "sort_key": "ad hominem satsatasiz [ad hominem bias]" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu_\303\266\304\237retmenlerin_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_olu\305\237turmas\304\261na_payla\305\237mas\304\261na_ve_yeniden_d\303\274zenlemesine_olanak_tan\304\261yan_serbest\303\247e_eri\305\237ilebilen_bir_\303\247evrimi\303\247i_k\303\274t\303\274phanedir_a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynak.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu_\303\266\304\237retmenlerin_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_olu\305\237turmas\304\261na_payla\305\237mas\304\261na_ve_yeniden_d\303\274zenlemesine_olanak_tan\304\261yan_serbest\303\247e_eri\305\237ilebilen_bir_\303\247evrimi\303\247i_k\303\274t\303\274phanedir_a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynak.md" deleted file mode 100644 index d4d48074a1..0000000000 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_platformu_\303\266\304\237retmenlerin_e\304\237itim_kaynaklar\304\261_olu\305\237turmas\304\261na_payla\305\237mas\304\261na_ve_yeniden_d\303\274zenlemesine_olanak_tan\304\261yan_serbest\303\247e_eri\305\237ilebilen_bir_\303\247evrimi\303\247i_k\303\274t\303\274phanedir_a\303\247\304\261k_e\304\237itim_kaynak.md" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu, öğretmenlerin eğitim kaynakları oluşturmasına, paylaşmasına ve yeniden düzenlemesine olanak tanıyan, serbestçe erişilebilen bir çevrimiçi kütüphanedir. Açık Eğitim Kaynakları hareketinin amacı, \"işbirliğine dayalı öğretme ve öğrenme\"yi (https://www.oercommons.org/about) teşvik etmek ve herkesin erişebileceği yüksek kaliteli eğitim kaynakları sağlamaktır. [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]", - "definition": "Açık Eğitim Kaynakları Platformu, öğretmenlerin eğitim kaynakları oluşturmasına, paylaşmasına ve yeniden düzenlemesine olanak tanıyan, serbestçe erişilebilen bir çevrimiçi kütüphanedir. Açık Eğitim Kaynakları hareketinin amacı, \"işbirliğine dayalı öğretme ve öğrenme\"yi (https://www.oercommons.org/about) teşvik etmek ve herkesin erişebileceği yüksek kaliteli eğitim kaynakları sağlamaktır.", - "related_terms": [ - "Equity", - "FORRT", - "Inclusion", - "Open Scholarship Knowledge Base", - "Open Science Framework" - ], - "references": [ - "OER Commons. (n.d.). OER Commons. https://www.oercommons.org/" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Ali H. Al-Hoorie" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Mahmoud Elsherif, Gisela H. Govaart" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "turkish", - "translated_by": [ - "Nihan Selin Soylu Konak" - ], - "translation_reviewed_by": [ - "Merve Öztürk" - ], - "sort_key": "aczizk egzitim kaynaklariz platformu, ozgzretmenlerin egzitim kaynaklariz oluszturmasizna, paylaszmasizna ve yeniden duzzenlemesine olanak tanizyan, serbestcze eriszilebilen bir czevrimiczi kuztuzphanedir. aczizk egzitim kaynaklariz hareketinin amaciz, \"iszbirligzine dayaliz ozgzretme ve ozgzrenme\"yi (https://www.oercommons.org/about) teszvik etmek ve herkesin eriszebilecegzi yuzksek kaliteli egzitim kaynaklariz sagzlamaktizr. [open educational resources (oer) commons]" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/d\303\274\305\237manca_i\314\207\305\237_yorumlama.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/d\303\274\305\237manca_i\314\207\305\237_yorumlama.md" deleted file mode 100644 index a444b11b9f..0000000000 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/d\303\274\305\237manca_i\314\207\305\237_yorumlama.md" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "Düşmanca İş Yorumlama [Adversarial (collaborative) commentary]", - "definition": "Bir çalışmanın orijinal yazarları ve söz konusu çalışmanın eleştirmenlerinin işbirliği yaparak bir konsensüs bildirisi hazırladıkları bir yorum. Amaç, ad hominem safsatalarından uzak, ortak bir anlayışı aktaran veya en azından her iki tarafın hemfikir olduğu ve olmadığı noktaları belirleyen bir yorum hazırlamaktır. Böylelikle, okuyucuyu ayrı yorumlarda aktarılan karşıt görüşler arasında seçim yapmaya bırakmak yerine, net bir mesaj ve ileriye dönük bir yol sunar.", - "related_terms": [ - "Adversarial collaboration", - "Collaborative commentary" - ], - "references": [ - "Heyman, T., Moors, P., & Rabagliati, H. (2020). The benefits of adversarial collaboration for commentaries. Nature Human Behavior, 4, 1217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00978-6", - "Rabagliati, H., Moors, P., & Heyman, T. (2019). Can item effects explain away the evidence for unconscious sound symbolism? An adversarial commentary on Heyman, Maerten, Vankrunkelsven, Voorspoels, and Moors (2019). Psychological Science, 31(9), 1200–1204. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620949461", - "Silberzahn, R., Simonsohn, U., & Ulhmann, E. L. (2014). Matched-names analysis reveals no evidence of name-meaning effects: A collaborative commentary on Silberzahn and Uhlmann (2013). Psychological Science, 25(7), 1504–1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614533802" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Steven Verheyen" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Mahmoud Elsherif", - "Sam Parsons", - "Emma Henderson", - "Michele C. Lim", - "Flávio Azevedo" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "turkish", - "translated_by": [ - "Ege Emek" - ], - "translation_reviewed_by": [ - "Elif Bastan" - ], - "sort_key": "duzszmanca i̇sz yorumlama [adversarial (collaborative) commentary]" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/i\314\207\303\247i\303\247elik_interlocking_.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/i\314\207\303\247i\303\247elik_interlocking_.md" deleted file mode 100644 index 73d78fe78b..0000000000 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/i\314\207\303\247i\303\247elik_interlocking_.md" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "İçiçelik (Interlocking)", - "definition": "Akademik kültürü dönüştürme çabalarının yalnızca tek bir alanı (örn., ırk, toplumsal cinsiyet veya yeti) ayrı ayrı inceleyerek tamamlanamayacağı, bunun yerine dışlayıcı tüm sistemlerin birlikte ele alınması gerektiği anlayışıyla, kesişimselliğin merkezinde yer alan güç, eşitsizlik ve dışlanmayı analiz etmeye yönelik bir yaklaşımdır. Kesişimselliğin (bireyin birden fazla toplumsal kimliğe sahip olmasına atıfta bulunan) aksine, içiçelik genellikle bu kimlikler temelinde bireye karşı baskı aracı olarak birlikte işleyen sistemleri tanımlamak için kullanılır.", - "related_terms": [ - "Bropenscience", - "Equity", - "Diversity", - "Inclusion", - "Intersectionality", - "Open Science", - "Social Justice" - ], - "references": [ - "Ledgerwood, A., Hudson, S. T. J., Lewis, Jr., N. A., Maddox, K. B., Pickett, C., Remedios, J. D., & Wilkins, C. L. (2021). The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdzue" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Christina Pomareda" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Ali H. Al-Hoorie", - "Flávio Azevedo", - "Mahmoud Elsherif", - "Eliza Woodward", - "Gerald Vineyard;" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "turkish", - "translated_by": [ - "Nihan Selin Soylu Konak" - ], - "translation_reviewed_by": [ - "Merve Öztürk" - ], - "sort_key": "i̇cziczelik (interlocking)" -} \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/content/glossary/turkish/yollar\304\261_\303\247atallanan_bah\303\247e.md" "b/content/glossary/turkish/yollar\304\261_\303\247atallanan_bah\303\247e.md" deleted file mode 100644 index 4baac557b4..0000000000 --- "a/content/glossary/turkish/yollar\304\261_\303\247atallanan_bah\303\247e.md" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -{ - "type": "glossary", - "title": "Yolları Çatallanan Bahçe [Garden of forking paths]", - "definition": "Yolları çatallanan bahçe, operasyonelleştirmeden istatiksel analize kadar uzanan araştırma sürecinde genellikle görünmeyen bir karar ağacının izlenmesini ifade eder; çünkü “bilimsel bir hipotezin istatistiksel olarak test edilmesinin birden fazla yolu vardır” (Gelman ve Loken, 2013, s. 6). Başka bir deyişle, araştırma hipotezi önceden belirlenmiş ve p-hacking (p-değeriyle oynama) ya da bilinçli veri avcılığı gibi şüpheli uygulamalara başvurulmamış olsa bile, eldeki verilerle teoriyi destekliyor gibi görünen pek çok istatistiksel sonuç üretmek mümkündür. “Sorun şu ki: analiz sürecinin detayları veriye bağlı olarak şekillendiğinde, araştırmacı bilinçli olarak veri avcılığı yapmasa ya da çok sayıda p-değerini incelemese bile, olası karşılaştırmaların sayısı oldukça fazla olabilir” (Gelman ve Loken, 2013, s. 1). Bu terim, teoriden teste geçişte yapılan öznel analitik ve istatistiksel tercihlerden kaynaklanan belirsizliklere dikkat çekmeyi amaçlar. Bununla birlikte, bilinçli (ve etik dışı) şüpheli araştırma uygulamalarıyla (örn., p-hacking veya veri avcılığı) bilinçli olmadan yapılan ancak benzer şekilde yanıltıcı sonuçlara yol açabilecek uygulamaları karşılaştırır. Yolları çatallanan bahçe, bilimsel süreçte alınan kararların, alternatif yolların (başka kararlar alınmış olsaydı izlenebilecek yolların) varlığı nedeniyle yanlış pozitif oranını artırması durumunu ifade eder.", - "related_terms": [ - "False-positive", - "Familywise error", - "Multiverse Analysis", - "Preregistration", - "Researcher degrees of freedom", - "Specification Curve Analysis" - ], - "references": [ - "Gelman, A., & Loken, E. (n.d.). The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition” or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time. Retrieved from http://www.stat.columbia.edu/" - ], - "drafted_by": [ - "Flávio Azevedo; Mahmoud Elsherif" - ], - "reviewed_by": [ - "Gisela H. Govaart", - "Matt Jaquiery", - "Tamara Kalandadze", - "Charlotte R. Pennington" - ], - "alt_related_terms": [ - null - ], - "language": "turkish", - "translated_by": [ - "Merve Öztürk" - ], - "translation_reviewed_by": [ - "Ege Emek" - ], - "sort_key": "yollariz czatallanan bahcze [garden of forking paths]" -} \ No newline at end of file