diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 8d66d755a7..0c3574f1fa 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Fix crash when `getHistoricalProcessStartReasons` is called from an isolated or wrong-userId process ([#5597](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5597))
 - Release `MediaMuxer` when a replay segment has no encodable frames to avoid a resource leak ([#5583](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5583))
 
 ## 8.44.1
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetrics.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetrics.java
index 36cae8686c..828e103e8b 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetrics.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetrics.java
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.Log;
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
@@ -467,18 +468,28 @@ public void registerLifecycleCallbacks(final @NotNull Application application) {
       final @Nullable ActivityManager activityManager =
           (ActivityManager) application.getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
       if (activityManager != null) {
-        final List<ApplicationStartInfo> historicalProcessStartReasons =
-            activityManager.getHistoricalProcessStartReasons(1);
-        if (!historicalProcessStartReasons.isEmpty()) {
-          final @NotNull ApplicationStartInfo info = historicalProcessStartReasons.get(0);
-          cachedStartInfo = info;
-          if (info.getStartupState() == ApplicationStartInfo.STARTUP_STATE_STARTED) {
-            if (info.getStartType() == ApplicationStartInfo.START_TYPE_COLD) {
-              appStartType = AppStartType.COLD;
-            } else {
-              appStartType = AppStartType.WARM;
+        try {
+          final List<ApplicationStartInfo> historicalProcessStartReasons =
+              activityManager.getHistoricalProcessStartReasons(1);
+          if (!historicalProcessStartReasons.isEmpty()) {
+            final @NotNull ApplicationStartInfo info = historicalProcessStartReasons.get(0);
+            cachedStartInfo = info;
+            if (info.getStartupState() == ApplicationStartInfo.STARTUP_STATE_STARTED) {
+              if (info.getStartType() == ApplicationStartInfo.START_TYPE_COLD) {
+                appStartType = AppStartType.COLD;
+              } else {
+                appStartType = AppStartType.WARM;
+              }
             }
           }
+        } catch (RuntimeException ignored) {
+          // getHistoricalProcessStartReasons may throw different kinds of exceptions, namely:
+          // - SecurityException when called from an isolated process
+          // - IllegalArgumentException when called with a wrong userId
+          // - others
+          // See impl:
+          // https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-latest-release:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java;l=10866-10893
+          Log.w("AppStartMetrics", ignored); // no logger instance here, so we just Log
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryShadowActivityManager.kt b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryShadowActivityManager.kt
index a959c5dd86..93cb4759e9 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryShadowActivityManager.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/SentryShadowActivityManager.kt
@@ -12,11 +12,16 @@ class SentryShadowActivityManager {
   companion object {
     private var historicalProcessStartReasons: List<ApplicationStartInfo> = emptyList()
     private var importance: Int = RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND
+    private var historicalProcessStartReasonsException: RuntimeException? = null
 
     fun setHistoricalProcessStartReasons(startReasons: List<ApplicationStartInfo>) {
       historicalProcessStartReasons = startReasons
     }
 
+    fun setHistoricalProcessStartReasonsException(exception: RuntimeException) {
+      historicalProcessStartReasonsException = exception
+    }
+
     fun setImportance(importance: Int) {
       this.importance = importance
     }
@@ -24,6 +29,7 @@ class SentryShadowActivityManager {
     fun reset() {
       historicalProcessStartReasons = emptyList()
       importance = RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND
+      historicalProcessStartReasonsException = null
     }
 
     @Implementation
@@ -35,6 +41,7 @@ class SentryShadowActivityManager {
 
   @Implementation
   fun getHistoricalProcessStartReasons(maxNum: Int): List<ApplicationStartInfo> {
+    historicalProcessStartReasonsException?.let { throw it }
     return historicalProcessStartReasons.take(maxNum)
   }
 }
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetricsTestApi35.kt b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetricsTestApi35.kt
index b5d87ab77c..fd1474864f 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetricsTestApi35.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/performance/AppStartMetricsTestApi35.kt
@@ -249,6 +249,20 @@ class AppStartMetricsTestApi35 {
     assertNull(metrics.appStartReason)
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun `does not crash when getHistoricalProcessStartReasons throws SecurityException`() {
+    SentryShadowActivityManager.setHistoricalProcessStartReasonsException(
+      SecurityException("isolated process")
+    )
+    val metrics = AppStartMetrics.getInstance()
+
+    val app = ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext<Application>()
+    metrics.registerLifecycleCallbacks(app)
+
+    assertEquals(AppStartMetrics.AppStartType.UNKNOWN, metrics.appStartType)
+    assertNull(metrics.appStartReason)
+  }
+
   private fun waitForMainLooperIdle() {
     Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post {}
     Shadows.shadowOf(Looper.getMainLooper()).idle()