From 88ac7bc66a808e7ae20599bdb99ed2780a096b28 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 15:21:50 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] Add wasi p2 example using rustc native p2 target

Signed-off-by: Ludvig Liljenberg <4257730+ludfjig@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .gitignore                                    |   5 +-
 Cargo.lock                                    |  45 ++-
 Justfile                                      |  12 +-
 src/hyperlight_wasm/Cargo.toml                |   6 +
 .../examples/monte_carlo_example/main.rs      | 105 ++++++
 src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.lock                   | 325 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.toml                   |  31 ++
 src/wasip2_guest/src/lib.rs                   |  57 +++
 src/wasip2_guest/wit/monte-carlo.wit          |  15 +
 9 files changed, 592 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/hyperlight_wasm/examples/monte_carlo_example/main.rs
 create mode 100644 src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 src/wasip2_guest/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 src/wasip2_guest/wit/monte-carlo.wit

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index b99517dc..2fe108e9 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -478,5 +478,8 @@ target/
 
 # MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
 *.pdb
-src/component_sample/**/*.wasm
+
+# WebAssembly build artifacts
+*.wasm
+
 src/wasmsamples/components/bindings/
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 3633d9dc..c1bbbe32 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "mshv-ioctls",
  "opentelemetry",
  "page_size",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "rust-embed",
  "serde_json",
  "sha256",
@@ -1531,6 +1531,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "opentelemetry-semantic-conventions",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "page_size",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
  "tar",
  "tokio",
  "toml",
@@ -1999,7 +2000,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ordered-float 5.1.0",
  "quanta",
  "radix_trie",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "rand_xoshiro",
  "sketches-ddsketch",
 ]
@@ -2225,7 +2226,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-util",
  "opentelemetry",
  "percent-encoding",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "thiserror 2.0.17",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-stream",
@@ -2531,14 +2532,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "nibble_vec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2548,7 +2570,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2566,7 +2597,7 @@ version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f703f4665700daf5512dcca5f43afa6af89f09db47fb56be587f80636bda2d41"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Justfile b/Justfile
index 4ad33011..d0823a84 100644
--- a/Justfile
+++ b/Justfile
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ mkdir-arg := if os() == "windows" { "-Force" } else { "-p" }
 latest-release:= if os() == "windows" {"$(git tag -l --sort=v:refname | select -last 2 | select -first 1)"} else {`git tag -l --sort=v:refname | tail -n 2 | head -n 1`}
 wit-world := if os() == "windows" { "$env:WIT_WORLD=\"" + justfile_directory() + "\\src\\component_sample\\wit\\component-world.wasm" + "\";" } else { "WIT_WORLD=" + justfile_directory() + "/src/component_sample/wit/component-world.wasm" }
 wit-world-c := if os() == "windows" { "$env:WIT_WORLD=\"" + justfile_directory() + "\\src\\wasmsamples\\components\\runcomponent-world.wasm" + "\";" } else { "WIT_WORLD=" + justfile_directory() + "/src/wasmsamples/components/runcomponent-world.wasm" }
+wit-world-monte-carlo := if os() == "windows" { "$env:WIT_WORLD=\"" + justfile_directory() + "\\src\\wasip2_guest\\monte-carlo-world.wasm" + "\";" } else { "WIT_WORLD=" + justfile_directory() + "/src/wasip2_guest/monte-carlo-world.wasm" }
 
 set windows-shell := ["pwsh.exe", "-NoLogo", "-Command"]
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ mkdir-redist target=default-target:
 compile-wit:
     wasm-tools component wit ./src/wasmsamples/components/runcomponent.wit -w -o ./src/wasmsamples/components/runcomponent-world.wasm
     wasm-tools component wit ./src/component_sample/wit/example.wit -w -o ./src/component_sample/wit/component-world.wasm
+    wasm-tools component wit ./src/wasip2_guest/wit/monte-carlo.wit -w -o ./src/wasip2_guest/monte-carlo-world.wasm
 
 build-examples target=default-target features="": (build-wasm-examples target features) (build-rust-wasm-examples target features) (build-rust-component-examples target features)
 
@@ -50,6 +52,13 @@ build-rust-component-examples target=default-target features="": (compile-wit)
     cd ./src/component_sample && cargo component build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }}
     cargo run {{ if features =="" {''} else if features=="no-default-features" {"--no-default-features" } else {"--features " + features } }} -p hyperlight-wasm-aot compile {{ if features =~ "gdb" {"--debug"} else {""} }} --component ./src/component_sample/target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/{{ target }}/component_sample.wasm ./x64/{{ target }}/component_sample.aot
 
+build-monte-carlo-example features="": (compile-wit) (mkdir-redist "release")
+    # Monte Carlo Pi example using native wasm32-wasip2 + wit-bindgen
+    # Always build in release mode to avoid WASI dependencies (debug mode pulls in entire WASI for some reason)
+    rustup target add wasm32-wasip2
+    cd ./src/wasip2_guest && cargo build --lib --target wasm32-wasip2 --release
+    cargo run {{ if features =="" {''} else if features=="no-default-features" {"--no-default-features" } else {"--features " + features } }} -p hyperlight-wasm-aot compile {{ if features =~ "gdb" {"--debug"} else {""} }} --component ./src/wasip2_guest/target/wasm32-wasip2/release/monte_carlo.wasm ./x64/release/monte_carlo.aot
+
 check target=default-target:
     cargo check --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }}
     cd src/rust_wasm_samples  && cargo check --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }}
@@ -99,9 +108,10 @@ examples-ci target=default-target features="": (build-rust-wasm-examples target)
     cargo run {{ if features =="" {''} else {"--no-default-features -F function_call_metrics," + features } }} --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }} --example metrics
     cargo run {{ if features =="" {"--no-default-features --features kvm,mshv3"} else {"--no-default-features -F function_call_metrics," + features } }} --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }} --example metrics 
 
-examples-components target=default-target features="": (build-rust-component-examples target) 
+examples-components target=default-target features="": (build-rust-component-examples target) (build-monte-carlo-example)
     {{ wit-world }} cargo run {{ if features =="" {''} else {"--no-default-features -F kvm -F " + features } }} --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }} --example component_example
     {{ wit-world-c }} cargo run {{ if features =="" {''} else {"--no-default-features -F kvm -F " + features } }} --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }} --example c-component
+    {{ wit-world-monte-carlo }} cargo run {{ if features =="" {''} else {"--no-default-features -F kvm -F " + features } }} --profile={{ if target == "debug" {"dev"} else { target } }} --example monte_carlo_example
 
 # warning, compares to and then OVERWRITES the given baseline
 bench-ci baseline target="release" features="":
diff --git a/src/hyperlight_wasm/Cargo.toml b/src/hyperlight_wasm/Cargo.toml
index f674521b..53c12bfe 100644
--- a/src/hyperlight_wasm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/hyperlight_wasm/Cargo.toml
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ name = "interruption"
 path = "examples/interruption/main.rs"
 test = true
 
+[[example]]
+name = "monte_carlo_example"
+path = "examples/monte_carlo_example/main.rs"
+test = true
+
 [dependencies]
 hyperlight-host = { workspace = true }
 libc = { version = "0.2.180" }
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ tracing = "0.1.44"
 tracing-subscriber = {version = "0.3.22", features = ["std", "env-filter"]}
 tracing-opentelemetry = "0.32.1"
 uuid = { version = "1.19.0", features = ["v4"] }
+rand = "0.8"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cfg_aliases = "0.2.1"
diff --git a/src/hyperlight_wasm/examples/monte_carlo_example/main.rs b/src/hyperlight_wasm/examples/monte_carlo_example/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb66b6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/hyperlight_wasm/examples/monte_carlo_example/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Hyperlight Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+//! Monte Carlo Pi Estimator - Host Example
+//!
+//! Demonstrates running a WASI P2 component built with native `wasm32-wasip2`
+//! target and `wit-bindgen`. The host provides a random number generator
+//! that the guest component imports to estimate Pi.
+//!
+//! Build the guest first: `just build-monte-carlo-example`
+//! Run: `just examples-components`
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use std::env;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use rand::rngs::StdRng;
+use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+
+mod bindings {
+    hyperlight_component_macro::host_bindgen!("../wasip2_guest/monte-carlo-world.wasm");
+}
+
+/// Host-provided RNG state for the guest component.
+///
+/// The guest cannot generate randomness in `no_std` mode, so the host
+/// provides random numbers via the imported `random` interface.
+struct State {
+    rng: StdRng,
+}
+
+impl State {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        State {
+            rng: StdRng::from_entropy(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl bindings::my::monte_carlo::Random for State {
+    fn random(&mut self) -> f32 {
+        self.rng.r#gen::<f32>()
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(refining_impl_trait)]
+impl bindings::my::monte_carlo::EstimatorImports for State {
+    type Random = State;
+
+    fn random(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Random {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let state = State::new();
+
+    let mut sb: hyperlight_wasm::ProtoWasmSandbox = hyperlight_wasm::SandboxBuilder::new()
+        .with_guest_input_buffer_size(1000000)
+        .with_guest_heap_size(10000000)
+        .with_guest_stack_size(1000000)
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let rt = bindings::register_host_functions(&mut sb, state);
+
+    let sb = sb.load_runtime().unwrap();
+
+    // Always look in x64/release since the guest is always built in release mode
+    // (debug mode pulls in WASI dependencies that we don't support)
+    let proj_dir = env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").expect("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR not set");
+    let mod_path = Path::new(&proj_dir)
+        .join("../../x64/release/monte_carlo.aot")
+        .canonicalize()
+        .expect("Failed to find monte_carlo.aot - run 'just build-monte-carlo-example' first");
+    let sb = sb.load_module(mod_path).unwrap();
+
+    let mut wrapped = bindings::EstimatorSandbox { sb, rt };
+
+    // Estimate pi with different sample sizes
+    for samples in [100, 1000, 10000] {
+        let pi_estimate =
+            bindings::my::monte_carlo::EstimatorExports::estimate_pi(&mut wrapped, samples);
+        println!(
+            "Pi estimate with {} samples: {:.6} (error: {:.6})",
+            samples,
+            pi_estimate,
+            (pi_estimate - std::f32::consts::PI).abs()
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.lock b/src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7ecdc88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anyhow"
+version = "1.0.100"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a23eb6b1614318a8071c9b2521f36b424b2c83db5eb3a0fead4a6c0809af6e61"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "812e12b5285cc515a9c72a5c1d3b6d46a19dac5acfef5265968c166106e31dd3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "equivalent"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.15.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.16.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d3067d79b975e8844ca9eb072e16b31c3c1c36928edf9c6789548c524d0d954"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "indexmap"
+version = "2.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7714e70437a7dc3ac8eb7e6f8df75fd8eb422675fc7678aff7364301092b1017"
+dependencies = [
+ "equivalent",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itoa"
+version = "1.0.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92ecc6618181def0457392ccd0ee51198e065e016d1d527a7ac1b6dc7c1f09d2"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09edd9e8b54e49e587e4f6295a7d29c3ea94d469cb40ab8ca70b288248a81db2"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.4.29"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5e5032e24019045c762d3c0f28f5b6b8bbf38563a65908389bf7978758920897"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "memchr"
+version = "2.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.2.37"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "479ca8adacdd7ce8f1fb39ce9ecccbfe93a3f1344b3d0d97f20bc0196208f62b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
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+version = "1.0.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
+ "itoa",
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+ "zmij",
+]
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasip2-guest"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-encoder"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "990065f2fe63003fe337b932cfb5e3b80e0b4d0f5ff650e6985b1048f62c8319"
+dependencies = [
+ "leb128fmt",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-metadata"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmparser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+ "semver",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zmij"
+version = "1.0.16"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dfcd145825aace48cff44a8844de64bf75feec3080e0aa5cdbde72961ae51a65"
diff --git a/src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.toml b/src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..def8e3bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wasip2_guest/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# WASI P2 Guest Component Example
+#
+# This crate demonstrates building a WebAssembly component using the NATIVE
+# Rust `wasm32-wasip2` target with `wit-bindgen`, rather than `cargo-component`.
+#
+# Key differences from cargo-component approach:
+# - Uses `wasm32-wasip2` target directly (rustup target add wasm32-wasip2)
+# - Uses `wit-bindgen` crate for guest bindings (not cargo-component)
+# - Requires `#![no_std]` and `#![no_main]` for minimal output
+# - MUST build in release mode (debug pulls in WASI dependencies)
+#
+# Build command:
+#   cargo build --lib --target wasm32-wasip2 --release
+#
+# The generated .wasm is a valid WASI P2 component that can be compiled
+# to AOT format using hyperlight-wasm-aot.
+
+[package]
+name = "wasip2-guest"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[lib]
+name = "monte_carlo"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[workspace] # standalone crate, not part of parent workspace
+
+[dependencies]
+wit-bindgen = "0.51.0"
diff --git a/src/wasip2_guest/src/lib.rs b/src/wasip2_guest/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d27ead80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wasip2_guest/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Hyperlight Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+//! Monte Carlo Pi Estimator - WASI P2 Component Example
+//!
+//! This guest component demonstrates host-guest interaction where the guest
+//! depends on the host to provide random numbers (since `no_std` components
+//! cannot generate randomness).
+//!
+//! Build with: `cargo build --lib --target wasm32-wasip2 --release`
+//!
+//! Note: Must use release mode - debug mode pulls in WASI dependencies.
+
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+wit_bindgen::generate!({
+    world: "estimator",
+    path: "wit",
+});
+
+struct Component;
+
+impl Guest for Component {
+    fn estimate_pi(samples: u32) -> f32 {
+        let mut inside_circle = 0u32;
+
+        for _ in 0..samples {
+            // Get random x and y from host (we can't generate randomness!)
+            let x = my::monte_carlo::random::random();
+            let y = my::monte_carlo::random::random();
+
+            // Check if point is inside unit circle
+            if x * x + y * y <= 1.0 {
+                inside_circle += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Pi ≈ 4 * (points inside circle / total points)
+        4.0 * (inside_circle as f32) / (samples as f32)
+    }
+}
+
+export!(Component);
diff --git a/src/wasip2_guest/wit/monte-carlo.wit b/src/wasip2_guest/wit/monte-carlo.wit
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2c9be9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/wasip2_guest/wit/monte-carlo.wit
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package my:monte-carlo;
+
+/// Host provides random numbers (guest can't generate them)
+interface random {
+    /// Returns a random f32 in the range [0.0, 1.0)
+    random: func() -> f32;
+}
+
+world estimator {
+    import random;
+
+    /// Estimate pi using n random samples
+    /// Returns the estimate of pi
+    export estimate-pi: func(samples: u32) -> f32;
+}