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running CentOS 8.' -authors: ["Linode"] -contributors: ["Linode"] -published: 2020-02-18 -keywords: ["cms", "apache", "php", "content management system", "drupal 8", "centos 8"] -tags: ["drupal","centos","apache","lamp","php","cms"] -license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' -image: L_ConfigDrupalCentOS8.png -relations: - platform: - key: how-to-install-drupal - keywords: - - distribution: CentOS 8 -aliases: ['/websites/cms/drupal/how-to-install-and-configure-drupal-on-centos-8/'] ---- - -Drupal 8 is the latest version of the popular [Drupal](https://www.drupal.org/) content management system. This guide demonstrates how to install Drupal 8 on your Linode running CentOS 8. - - -## Before You Begin - -1. Familiarize yourself with our [Getting Started](/docs/products/platform/get-started/) guide and complete the steps for [setting your Linode's hostname](/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/guides/set-up-and-secure/#configure-a-custom-hostname) and [timezone](/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/guides/set-up-and-secure/#set-the-timezone). - -1. Follow our [Securing Your Server](/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/guides/set-up-and-secure/) guide to [create a standard user account](/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/guides/set-up-and-secure/#add-a-limited-user-account), [harden SSH access](/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/guides/set-up-and-secure/#harden-ssh-access), and [create firewall rules](/docs/products/compute/compute-instances/guides/set-up-and-secure/#configure-a-firewall) for your web server; you may need to make additional firewall exceptions for your specific application. - - {{% content "limited-user-note-shortguide" %}} - -1. Install and configure a [LAMP stack on CentOS 8](/docs/guides/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-centos-8/) - -1. Install the `wget` and `tar` utilities. You will need this in a later section to install the Drupal 8 core. - - sudo yum install wget -y && sudo yum install tar - -1. In order to work with Drupal 8 and SELinux, you will need to install Python's policy core utilities, which give you access to useful tools to manage SELinux settings. - - sudo yum install policycoreutils-python-utils - -## Download and Prepare Drupal 8 - -1. Navigate to your site's document root. If you installed and configured your Apache server using our [LAMP stack on CentOS 8](/docs/guides/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-centos-8/) guide, your document root should be located in the `/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/` directory. Replace `example.com` with your own document root path's name. - - cd /var/www/html/example.com - -1. Download the Drupal 8 tarball. As of writing this guide, Drupal 8.8.2 is the latest version. See [Drupal's download page](https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal) for their latest core tarball. - - sudo wget http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-8.8.2.tar.gz - - {{< note type="alert" respectIndent=false >}} -Ensure that the version number matches the Drupal 8 version you wish to download. -{{< /note >}} - -1. Extract the downloaded tarball's contents into your site's document root: - - sudo tar -zxvf drupal-8.*.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C public_html - -1. Drupal depends on a PHP graphics library called GD. Install GD and other dependencies: - - sudo yum install -y php php-{cli,mysqlnd,json,opcache,xml,mbstring,gd,curl} - -1. Create your Drupal 8 installation's `settings.php` file from the default settings file. This file will be configured when you run through Drupal's web configuration in the [Drupal First Start](#drupal-first-start) section. - - sudo cp /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/default.settings.php /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/settings.php - -1. Enforce [trusted hostnames](https://www.drupal.org/node/2410395) with those that users will access your site from. With the text editor of your choice, edit your `settings.php` file replacing the [regular expression (RegEx)](https://www.php.net/manual/en/reference.pcre.pattern.syntax.php) with a pattern that matches your own site's URL(s). - - {{< file "/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/settings.php" conf >}} -$settings['trusted_host_patterns'] = array( - '^www\.example\.com$', - '^example\.com$', - ); - -{{< /file >}} - - - {{< note respectIndent=false >}} -`trusted_host_patterns` also accepts IP addresses or localhost. -{{< /note >}} - -## Configure Apache 2.4 - -1. Enable Apache's [rewrite module](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html). This module is necessary since Drupal 8 enables [Clean URLs](https://www.drupal.org/getting-started/clean-urls) by default. To enable this module, edit your Apache configuration to include the `LoadModule` line displayed in the example file below. - - {{< file "/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf" apache >}} -LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so - {{}} - -2. Specify the rewrite conditions for your Drupal site's document root in Apache's configuration file using the text editor of your choice. If you installed and configured your Apache server using [LAMP stack on CentOS 8](/docs/guides/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-centos-8/) guide, the configuration file for your site is located at `/etc/httpd/conf.d/example.com.conf`. - - {{< file "/etc/httpd/sites-enabled/example.com.conf" conf >}} - - Options Indexes FollowSymLinks - AllowOverride All - Require all granted - RewriteEngine on - RewriteBase / - RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f - RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d - RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA] - -{{< /file >}} - -1. Set the SELinux context for the directories Drupal 8 and Apache in order to read and write to them. This includes your site's root directory and subdirectories. - - sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t "/var/www/html/example.com/public_html(/.*)?" - sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/settings.php' - sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t '/var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/files' - sudo restorecon -Rv /var/www/html/example.com/public_html - sudo restorecon -v /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/settings.php - -1. Change the ownership of your site's document root from `root` to `apache`. This allows you to install modules and themes, and to update Drupal, without being prompted for FTP credentials. - - sudo chown apache:apache -R /var/www/html/example.com/public_html - -1. Restart Apache so all your changes are applied. - - sudo systemctl restart httpd - -## Drupal First Start - -1. Go to your Linode's domain or IP address in a web browser. This will show you the first step of Drupal 8's web configuration. Choose your language and proceed to the next page. - - ![Drupal 8 choose language.](drupal-choose-language.png) - -2. Choose whether you want a *Standard* or *Minimal* installation profile. - - ![Drupal 8 choose installation profile.](drupal-choose-installation-profile.png) - -3. Complete the database configuration using the DB name, username and password you created when [setting up your LAMP stack](/docs/guides/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-centos-8/) with a MySQL or MariaDB database. - - ![Drupal 8 database configuration.](drupal-database-configuration.png) - - {{< note respectIndent=false >}} -If you forgot the name of your database, log back in to MySQL or MariaDB with: `mysql -u root -p` and enter: `show databases;`. -{{< /note >}} - -4. After Drupal 8 installs your site, you'll be shown a site configuration page where you must create the admin user for your website. Do not use the same password that you used for your database. - - ![Drupal 8 site configuration.](drupal-site-configuration.png) - - Next, you'll be taken to the administrative dashboard which will say that Drupal 8 was installed successfully. - - ![Drupal 8 installed welcome.](drupal-installed-welcome.png) - -5. Now that Drupal 8 is finished writing to `settings.php` and `services.yaml`, you can restore their default permissions: - - sudo chmod 644 /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/sites/default/{settings.php,services.yml} - -## Where to Go From Here - -Drupal has a significant amount of documentation for [security best practices](https://www.drupal.org/security/secure-configuration) to consider when hardening any Drupal server. 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