The Waterfall model is one of the earliest and simplest models used in software development. It’s a linear and sequential approach, where each phase must be completed before the next one begins — like water flowing down a waterfall.
- Requirements Analysis – Gather and document what the software should do.
- System Design – Create architecture and design specifications.
- Implementation – Write the actual code based on the design.
- Testing – Test the software for bugs and verify it meets requirements.
- Deployment – Deliver the final product to users.
- Maintenance – Fix issues and make improvements post-launch.
- Simple and easy to manage.
- Clear milestones and documentation.
- Good for small, well-understood projects.
- Inflexible to changes (not great if requirements evolve).
- No working software until late in the process.
- Risky for complex or long-term projects.
