gh-139808: Add branch protections for aarch64 in asm_trampoline.S (#130864)

Apply protection against ROP/JOP attacks for aarch64 on asm_trampoline.S.

The BTI flag must be applied in assembler sources for this class
of attacks to be mitigated on newer aarch64 processors.

See also:
https://sourceware.org/annobin/annobin.html/Test-branch-protection.html
and
https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/enabling-pac-and-bti-on-aarch64

Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

Author: stratakis

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-05-12-16-47-23.gh-issue-139808.iIs7_E.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add branch protections for AArch64 (BTI/PAC) in assembly code used by
+:option:`-X perf_jit <-X>` (Linux perf profiler integration).

Python/asm_trampoline.S

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#include "asm_trampoline_aarch64.h"
+
     .text
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
     .globl	__Py_trampoline_func_start
@@ -29,10 +31,12 @@ _Py_trampoline_func_start:
 #if defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__AARCH64EL__) && !defined(__ILP32__)
     // ARM64 little endian, 64bit ABI
     // generate with aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc 12.1
+    SIGN_LR
     stp     x29, x30, [sp, -16]!
     mov     x29, sp
     blr     x3
     ldp     x29, x30, [sp], 16
+    VERIFY_LR
     ret
 #endif
 #ifdef __riscv

Python/asm_trampoline_aarch64.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef ASM_TRAMPOLINE_AARCH_64_H_
+#define ASM_TRAMPOLINE_AARCH_64_H_
+
+/*
+ * References:
+ *  - https://developer.arm.com/documentation/101028/0012/5--Feature-test-macros
+ *  - https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/main/aaelf64/aaelf64.rst
+ */
+
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_BTI_DEFAULT) && __ARM_FEATURE_BTI_DEFAULT == 1
+  #define BTI_J hint 36 /* bti j: for jumps, IE br instructions */
+  #define BTI_C hint 34  /* bti c: for calls, IE bl instructions */
+  #define GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_BTI 1 /* bit 0 GNU Notes is for BTI support */
+#else
+  #define BTI_J
+  #define BTI_C
+  #define GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_BTI 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT)
+  #if __ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT & 1
+    #define SIGN_LR hint 25 /* paciasp: sign with the A key */
+    #define VERIFY_LR hint 29 /* autiasp: verify with the A key */
+  #elif __ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT & 2
+    #define SIGN_LR hint 27 /* pacibsp: sign with the b key */
+    #define VERIFY_LR hint 31 /* autibsp: verify with the b key */
+  #endif
+  #define GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_POINTER_AUTH 2 /* bit 1 GNU Notes is for PAC support */
+#else
+  #define SIGN_LR BTI_C
+  #define VERIFY_LR
+  #define GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_POINTER_AUTH 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_GCS_DEFAULT) && __ARM_FEATURE_GCS_DEFAULT == 1
+  #define GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_GCS 4 /* bit 2 GNU Notes is for GCS support */
+#else
+  #define GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_GCS 0
+#endif
+
+/* Add the BTI, PAC and GCS support to GNU Notes section */
+#if GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_BTI != 0 || GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_POINTER_AUTH != 0 || GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_GCS != 0
+    .pushsection .note.gnu.property, "a"; /* Start a new allocatable section */
+    .balign 8; /* align it on a byte boundry */
+    .long 4; /* size of "GNU\0" */
+    .long 0x10; /* size of descriptor */
+    .long 0x5; /* NT_GNU_PROPERTY_TYPE_0 */
+    .asciz "GNU";
+    .long 0xc0000000; /* GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_AND */
+    .long 4; /* Four bytes of data */
+    .long (GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_BTI|GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_POINTER_AUTH|GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_GCS); /* BTI, PAC or GCS is enabled */
+    .long 0; /* padding for 8 byte alignment */
+    .popsection; /* end the section */
+#endif
+
+#endif

Python/jit_unwind.c

@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ enum {
     DWRF_CFA_offset_extended_sf = 0x11,   // Extended signed offset
     DWRF_CFA_advance_loc = 0x40,          // Advance location counter
     DWRF_CFA_offset = 0x80,               // Simple offset instruction
+#if defined(__aarch64__)
+    DWRF_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state = 0x2d, // Toggle return address signing state
+#endif
     DWRF_CFA_restore = 0xc0               // Restore register
 };
 
@@ -562,6 +565,13 @@ static void elf_init_ehframe_perf(ELFObjectContext* ctx) {
         DWRF_UV(8);                           // New offset: SP + 8
 #elif defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__AARCH64EL__) && !defined(__ILP32__)
         /* AArch64 calling convention unwinding rules */
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT) || \
+    (defined(__ARM_FEATURE_BTI_DEFAULT) && __ARM_FEATURE_BTI_DEFAULT == 1)
+        DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_advance_loc | 1);        // Advance past SIGN_LR (4 bytes)
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT)
+        DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state); // Saved LR is PAC-signed from here
+#endif
         DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_advance_loc | 1);        // Advance by 1 instruction (4 bytes)
         DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_def_cfa_offset);         // CFA = SP + 16
         DWRF_UV(16);                              // Stack pointer moved by 16 bytes
@@ -570,6 +580,9 @@ static void elf_init_ehframe_perf(ELFObjectContext* ctx) {
         DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_offset | DWRF_REG_RA);   // x30 (link register) saved
         DWRF_UV(1);                               // At CFA-8 (1 * 8 = 8 bytes from CFA)
         DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_advance_loc | 3);        // Advance by 3 instructions (12 bytes)
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT)
+        DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_AARCH64_negate_ra_state); // LR is authenticated, no longer PAC-signed
+#endif
         DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_def_cfa_register);       // CFA = FP (x29) + 16
         DWRF_UV(DWRF_REG_FP);
         DWRF_U8(DWRF_CFA_restore | DWRF_REG_RA);  // Restore x30 - NO DWRF_UV() after this!