library "libexecutorch_jni.so" not found

[Leonardo-CBH]

🐛 Describe the bug

2026-03-07 14:01:42.209 32757-32757 AndroidRuntime com.example.depth E FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.example.depth, PID: 32757
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: dlopen failed: library "libexecutorch_jni.so" not found: needed by /data/app/~~GvB_kqLXtUEScedhfvC8ig==/com.example.depth-3_urBeU6KEoJ5HyMKRK6Yw==/base.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a/libdepth.so in namespace classloader-namespace
at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:1077)
at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:998)
at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:1657)
at com.example.depth.MainActivity.(MainActivity.java:60)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Native Method)
at android.app.AppComponentFactory.instantiateActivity(AppComponentFactory.java:95)
at androidx.core.app.CoreComponentFactory.instantiateActivity(CoreComponentFactory.java:44)
at android.app.Instrumentation.newActivity(Instrumentation.java:1288)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:4759)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:5098)
at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:129)
at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:149)
at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:103)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:3164)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:117)
at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:205)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:293)
at android.app.ActivityThread.loopProcess(ActivityThread.java:10170)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:10159)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:593)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1247)
2026-03-07 14:01:42.214 32757-16176 LifecycleTransaction com.example.depth I activityCallbacks TopResumedActivityChangeItem{onTop=false}
2026-03-07 14:01:42.218 32757-16176 LifecycleTransaction com.example.depth I lifecycleStateRequest PauseActivityItem{finished=true,userLeaving=false,configChanges=0,dontReport=false}
2026-03-07 14:01:42.405 32757-16176 LifecycleTransaction com.example.depth I lifecycleStateRequest DestroyActivityItem{finished=true,mConfigChanges=0}

Versions

The compilation of libexecutorch_jni.so on the Windows system was unsuccessful.The libexecutorch_jni.so file is also not present in the executorch-android.aar file.

[JacobSzwejbka]

@psiddh @kirklandsign

[psiddh]

Thanks @Leonardo-CBH for reporting this issue. Couple of quick questions.

1. How are you building your app's native library (libdepth.so)? Specifically, are you using CMake with find_library(executorch_jni ...) or linking against ExecuTorch via the AAR's Gradle dependency? Please share the relevant CMakeLists.txt or build.gradle.
2. Are you using the prebuilt AAR from Maven Central (org.pytorch:executorch-android:X.X.X), or did you try to build the AAR yourself from source on Windows?
3. What version of ExecuTorch are you targeting? (e.g., 1.0.0, 1.1.0, or building from main branch)

[Leonardo-CBH]

@psiddh

Thank you for answering my questions.

1. I imported the native library of executorch using build.gradle.Here is the build.gradle.

plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
namespace 'com.example.depth'
compileSdk 34

ndkVersion "23.1.7779620"

defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.depth"
minSdk 24
targetSdk 34
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"

testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

externalNativeBuild {
    cmake {
        arguments "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17",
                "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON",
                "-DCMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/third_party/flatbuffers/include",
                "-DANDROID_STL=c++_shared",
                "-DANDROID_ARM_NEON=ON"

        cppFlags "-std=c++17",
                "-D__cplusplus=201703L",
                "-UNDEBUG",
                "-fexceptions",
                "-frtti",
                "-fPIC"

        abiFilters 'arm64-v8a' // 与本地库架构一致
    }
}

// 核心修改：配置 jniLibs 指向本地 libexecutorch.so
sourceSets {
    main {
        jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs/executorch/jni'] // 指向包含 arm64-v8a 子文件夹的目录
    }
}

}

buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
cppFlags "-O2", "-DNDEBUG"
}
}
}
debug {
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
cppFlags "-g", "-O0"
}
}
}
}

compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}

externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
path file('src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt')
version '3.22.1'
}
}

buildFeatures {
viewBinding true
}

}

dependencies {
// 基础依赖
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'

// CameraX依赖
implementation 'androidx.camera:camera-core:1.3.0'
implementation 'androidx.camera:camera-camera2:1.3.0'
implementation 'androidx.camera:camera-lifecycle:1.3.0'
implementation 'androidx.camera:camera-view:1.3.0'

// 测试依赖
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'

implementation 'org.pytorch:executorch-android:1.0.0'
implementation 'com.facebook.soloader:soloader:0.10.5'
implementation 'com.facebook.fbjni:fbjni:0.7.0'

}
2.Here is the CMakeLists.txt.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18.1)
project(depth)
核心配置：确保C++17生效

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
解决NDK的__cplusplus宏问题

if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
add_compile_definitions(__cplusplus=201703L)
endif()
-------------------------- 关键修改：添加libexecutorch.so的搜索路径 --------------------------
指定jniLibs/arm64-v8a为库搜索目录（适配Windows路径）

set(EXECUTORCH_SO_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../jniLibs/arm64-v8a")
link_directories(${EXECUTORCH_SO_DIR})
手动导入libexecutorch.so（避免链接器找不到）

add_library(executorch SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(executorch PROPERTIES
IMPORTED_LOCATION "${EXECUTORCH_SO_DIR}/libexecutorch.so"

确保架构匹配

IMPORTED_NO_SONAME TRUE
)
-------------------------- 路径配置 --------------------------

set(EXECUTORCH_ROOT_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/executorch")
set(EXECUTORCH_INCLUDE_DIR "${EXECUTORCH_ROOT_DIR}/include")
set(C10_TORCH_INCLUDE_DIR "${EXECUTORCH_ROOT_DIR}/runtime/core/portable_type/c10")
set(FLATBUFFERS_INCLUDE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/flatbuffers/include")
-------------------------- 编译你的业务库 --------------------------

add_library(depth SHARED
depth_executorch.cpp
jni_interface.cpp
)
-------------------------- 头文件包含 --------------------------

target_include_directories(depth
PRIVATE
${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
${EXECUTORCH_INCLUDE_DIR}
${C10_TORCH_INCLUDE_DIR}
${FLATBUFFERS_INCLUDE_DIR}
)
-------------------------- 链接库（现在能找到executorch了） --------------------------

target_link_libraries(depth
PRIVATE
executorch # 链接导入的libexecutorch.so
log
jnigraphics
android
stdc++
atomic
m
)
-------------------------- 编译选项 --------------------------

target_compile_options(depth
PRIVATE
-fexceptions
-frtti
-fPIC
-Wall

可选：关闭弃用警告（避免干扰）

-Wno-deprecated-declarations
)

###3.I found that the pre-built AAR I used from Maven Central lacks the library libexecutorch_jni.so. I wanted to build the AAR myself from the Windows source code, but it seems that Windows is not compatible with my build process. Currently, I am trying to simulate a Linux environment using Git Bash for the build, but it is not going smoothly and I have encountered many problems.

Image（the pre-built AAR I used from Maven Central lacks the library libexecutorch_jni.so.）

###4.The version of executorch that I expect to use is 1.0.0.

Thanks for help