diff --git a/.github/workflows/verify-bundled-files.yml b/.github/workflows/verify-bundled-files.yml
index 6cce1a14cf7f3..291cd6adaa3da 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/verify-bundled-files.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/verify-bundled-files.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   VERIFY_BUNDLED_FILES:
+    if: github.repository == 'php/php-src' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
     name: Verify Bundled Files
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
diff --git a/UPGRADING b/UPGRADING
index 8a1c61b9192cc..b1db9893de628 100644
--- a/UPGRADING
+++ b/UPGRADING
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ PHP 8.6 UPGRADE NOTES
   . Invalid values now throw in Phar::mungServer() instead of being silently
     ignored.
 
+- Session:
+  . A ValueError is not thrown if $name is a string containing null bytes in
+    session_module_name().
+
 - Standard:
   . Invalid mode values now throw in array_filter() instead of being silently
     defaulted to 0.
diff --git a/UPGRADING.INTERNALS b/UPGRADING.INTERNALS
index 27414f52b3754..1d8734d9fb076 100644
--- a/UPGRADING.INTERNALS
+++ b/UPGRADING.INTERNALS
@@ -97,6 +97,14 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
   . Dropped session_options parameter from all methods in mysqlnd_auth.
     The same information is present in conn->options and should be used instead.
 
+- ext/session:
+  . php_session_flush() now returns a bool rather than a zend_result.
+  . Removed session_adapt_url().
+  . PS_OPEN_ARGS is now defined as
+    `void **mod_data, zend_string *save_path, zend_string *session_name`
+    rather than
+    `void **mod_data, const char *save_path, const char *session_name`
+
 - ext/standard:
   . _php_error_log() now has a formal return type of zend_result.
   . _php_error_log() now accepts zend_string* values instead of char*.
diff --git a/Zend/Optimizer/block_pass.c b/Zend/Optimizer/block_pass.c
index 7f97caa1fdab4..5a0af26303913 100644
--- a/Zend/Optimizer/block_pass.c
+++ b/Zend/Optimizer/block_pass.c
@@ -176,7 +176,9 @@ static void zend_optimize_block(zend_basic_block *block, zend_op_array *op_array
 					 && zend_optimizer_update_op1_const(op_array, opline, &c)) {
 						VAR_SOURCE(op1) = NULL;
 						if (opline->opcode != ZEND_JMP_NULL
-						 && !zend_bitset_in(used_ext, VAR_NUM(src->result.var))) {
+						 && !zend_bitset_in(used_ext, VAR_NUM(src->result.var))
+						 /* FETCH_W with ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL_LOCK does not free op1, which will be used again. */
+						 && !(opline->opcode == ZEND_FETCH_W && (opline->extended_value & ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL_LOCK))) {
 							literal_dtor(&ZEND_OP1_LITERAL(src));
 							MAKE_NOP(src);
 						}
diff --git a/Zend/zend_multiply.h b/Zend/zend_multiply.h
index 200bedd88cacf..716e3ba4b5715 100644
--- a/Zend/zend_multiply.h
+++ b/Zend/zend_multiply.h
@@ -342,7 +342,6 @@ static zend_always_inline size_t zend_safe_address_guarded(size_t nmemb, size_t
 
 	if (UNEXPECTED(overflow)) {
 		zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR, "Possible integer overflow in memory allocation (%zu * %zu + %zu)", nmemb, size, offset);
-		return 0;
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -355,7 +354,6 @@ static zend_always_inline size_t zend_safe_addmult(size_t nmemb, size_t size, si
 
 	if (UNEXPECTED(overflow)) {
 		zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR, "Possible integer overflow in %s (%zu * %zu + %zu)", message, nmemb, size, offset);
-		return 0;
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/ext/opcache/shared_alloc_shm.c b/ext/opcache/shared_alloc_shm.c
index 09a357d189ed4..b9f8ca4524a05 100644
--- a/ext/opcache/shared_alloc_shm.c
+++ b/ext/opcache/shared_alloc_shm.c
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 # define MIN(x, y) ((x) > (y)? (y) : (x))
 #endif
 
-#define SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MAX 32*1024*1024
 #define SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN 2*1024*1024
 
 typedef struct  {
@@ -53,36 +52,38 @@ typedef struct  {
 static int create_segments(size_t requested_size, zend_shared_segment_shm ***shared_segments_p, int *shared_segments_count, const char **error_in)
 {
 	int i;
-	size_t allocate_size = 0, remaining_bytes = requested_size, seg_allocate_size;
+	size_t allocate_size = 0, remaining_bytes, seg_allocate_size;
 	int first_segment_id = -1;
 	key_t first_segment_key = -1;
 	struct shmid_ds sds;
 	int shmget_flags;
 	zend_shared_segment_shm *shared_segments;
 
-	seg_allocate_size = SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MAX;
-	/* determine segment size we _really_ need:
-	 * no more than to include requested_size
-	 */
-	while (requested_size * 2 <= seg_allocate_size && seg_allocate_size > SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN) {
-		seg_allocate_size >>= 1;
-	}
-
 	shmget_flags = IPC_CREAT|SHM_R|SHM_W|IPC_EXCL;
 
-	/* try allocating this much, if not - try shrinking */
-	while (seg_allocate_size >= SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN) {
-		allocate_size = MIN(requested_size, seg_allocate_size);
-		first_segment_id = shmget(first_segment_key, allocate_size, shmget_flags);
-		if (first_segment_id != -1) {
-			break;
+	/* Try contiguous allocation first. */
+	seg_allocate_size = requested_size;
+	first_segment_id = shmget(first_segment_key, seg_allocate_size, shmget_flags);
+	if (UNEXPECTED(first_segment_id == -1)) {
+		/* Search for biggest n^2 < requested_size. */
+		seg_allocate_size = SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN;
+		while (seg_allocate_size < requested_size / 2) {
+			seg_allocate_size *= 2;
 		}
-		seg_allocate_size >>= 1; /* shrink the allocated block */
-	}
 
-	if (first_segment_id == -1) {
-		*error_in = "shmget";
-		return ALLOC_FAILURE;
+		/* try allocating this much, if not - try shrinking */
+		while (seg_allocate_size >= SEG_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN) {
+			first_segment_id = shmget(first_segment_key, seg_allocate_size, shmget_flags);
+			if (first_segment_id != -1) {
+				break;
+			}
+			seg_allocate_size >>= 1; /* shrink the allocated block */
+		}
+
+		if (first_segment_id == -1) {
+			*error_in = "shmget";
+			return ALLOC_FAILURE;
+		}
 	}
 
 	*shared_segments_count = ((requested_size - 1) / seg_allocate_size) + 1;
diff --git a/ext/opcache/tests/oss-fuzz-481014628.phpt b/ext/opcache/tests/oss-fuzz-481014628.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8aa6cf3fe1fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/opcache/tests/oss-fuzz-481014628.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+--TEST--
+OSS-Fuzz #481014628: Borked FETCH_W+ZEND_FETCH_GLOBAL_LOCK optimization
+--EXTENSIONS--
+opcache
+--INI--
+opcache.enable=1
+opcache.enable_cli=1
+--FILE--
+<?php
+
+function f() {
+    return 'foo';
+}
+
+function test() {
+    global ${f()};
+    var_dump($foo);
+}
+
+test();
+$foo = 42;
+test();
+
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+NULL
+int(42)
diff --git a/ext/session/mod_files.c b/ext/session/mod_files.c
index 869bb1052c6df..87bcb7e3690fc 100644
--- a/ext/session/mod_files.c
+++ b/ext/session/mod_files.c
@@ -369,19 +369,22 @@ PS_OPEN_FUNC(files)
 	int argc = 0;
 	size_t dirdepth = 0;
 	int filemode = 0600;
+	const char *used_save_path;
 
-	if (*save_path == '\0') {
+	if (ZSTR_LEN(save_path) == 0) {
 		/* if save path is an empty string, determine the temporary dir */
-		save_path = php_get_temporary_directory();
+		used_save_path = php_get_temporary_directory();
 
-		if (php_check_open_basedir(save_path)) {
+		if (php_check_open_basedir(used_save_path)) {
 			return FAILURE;
 		}
+	} else {
+		used_save_path = ZSTR_VAL(save_path);
 	}
 
 	/* split up input parameter */
-	last = save_path;
-	p = strchr(save_path, ';');
+	last = used_save_path;
+	p = strchr(used_save_path, ';');
 	while (p) {
 		argv[argc++] = last;
 		last = ++p;
@@ -407,14 +410,14 @@ PS_OPEN_FUNC(files)
 			return FAILURE;
 		}
 	}
-	save_path = argv[argc - 1];
+	used_save_path = argv[argc - 1];
 
 	data = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 
 	data->fd = -1;
 	data->dirdepth = dirdepth;
 	data->filemode = filemode;
-	data->basedir = zend_string_init(save_path, strlen(save_path), /* persistent */ false);
+	data->basedir = zend_string_init(used_save_path, strlen(used_save_path), /* persistent */ false);
 
 	if (PS_GET_MOD_DATA()) {
 		ps_close_files(mod_data);
diff --git a/ext/session/mod_user.c b/ext/session/mod_user.c
index 5783ca625a4a6..90b91926a62c3 100644
--- a/ext/session/mod_user.c
+++ b/ext/session/mod_user.c
@@ -83,12 +83,11 @@ PS_OPEN_FUNC(user)
 {
 	zval args[2];
 	zval retval;
-	zend_result ret = FAILURE;
 
 	ZEND_ASSERT(!Z_ISUNDEF(PSF(open)));
 
-	ZVAL_STRING(&args[0], (char*)save_path);
-	ZVAL_STRING(&args[1], (char*)session_name);
+	ZVAL_STR(&args[0], zend_string_dup(save_path, false));
+	ZVAL_STR(&args[1], zend_string_dup(session_name, false));
 
 	zend_try {
 		ps_call_handler(&PSF(open), 2, args, &retval);
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ PS_OPEN_FUNC(user)
 
 	PS(mod_user_implemented) = true;
 
-	ret = verify_bool_return_type_userland_calls(&retval);
+	zend_result ret = verify_bool_return_type_userland_calls(&retval);
 	zval_ptr_dtor(&retval);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/ext/session/mod_user_class.c b/ext/session/mod_user_class.c
index 1735423e902c4..618cc6bd67965 100644
--- a/ext/session/mod_user_class.c
+++ b/ext/session/mod_user_class.c
@@ -36,11 +36,10 @@
 
 PHP_METHOD(SessionHandler, open)
 {
-	char *save_path = NULL, *session_name = NULL;
-	size_t save_path_len, session_name_len;
+	zend_string *save_path, *session_name;
 	zend_result ret;
 
-	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "ss", &save_path, &save_path_len, &session_name, &session_name_len) == FAILURE) {
+	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "SS", &save_path, &session_name) == FAILURE) {
 		RETURN_THROWS();
 	}
 
diff --git a/ext/session/php_session.h b/ext/session/php_session.h
index 9bf97cca02bf3..8c857d29a5fc0 100644
--- a/ext/session/php_session.h
+++ b/ext/session/php_session.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #define PHP_SESSION_VERSION PHP_VERSION
 
 /* save handler macros */
-#define PS_OPEN_ARGS     void **mod_data, const char *save_path, const char *session_name
+#define PS_OPEN_ARGS     void **mod_data, zend_string *save_path, zend_string *session_name
 #define PS_CLOSE_ARGS    void **mod_data
 #define PS_READ_ARGS     void **mod_data, zend_string *key, zend_string **val, zend_long maxlifetime
 #define PS_WRITE_ARGS    void **mod_data, zend_string *key, zend_string *val, zend_long maxlifetime
@@ -174,7 +174,6 @@ typedef struct _php_ps_globals {
 		zval ps_validate_sid;
 		zval ps_update_timestamp;
 	} mod_user_names;
-	zend_string *mod_user_class_name;
 	bool mod_user_implemented;
 	bool mod_user_is_open;
 	bool auto_start;
@@ -249,8 +248,6 @@ PHPAPI zend_string *php_session_create_id(PS_CREATE_SID_ARGS);
 PHPAPI zend_result php_session_validate_sid(PS_VALIDATE_SID_ARGS);
 PHPAPI zend_result php_session_update_timestamp(PS_UPDATE_TIMESTAMP_ARGS);
 
-PHPAPI void session_adapt_url(const char *url, size_t url_len, char **new_url, size_t *new_len);
-
 PHPAPI zend_result php_session_destroy(void);
 PHPAPI void php_add_session_var(zend_string *name);
 PHPAPI zval *php_set_session_var(zend_string *name, zval *state_val, php_unserialize_data_t *var_hash);
@@ -264,7 +261,7 @@ PHPAPI zend_result php_session_register_serializer(const char *name,
 	        zend_result (*decode)(PS_SERIALIZER_DECODE_ARGS));
 
 PHPAPI zend_result php_session_start(void);
-PHPAPI zend_result php_session_flush(bool write);
+PHPAPI bool php_session_flush(bool write);
 PHPAPI php_session_status php_get_session_status(void);
 
 PHPAPI const ps_module *_php_find_ps_module(const char *name);
diff --git a/ext/session/session.c b/ext/session/session.c
index 7578a038eadd0..d9a4e2b5a4d2b 100644
--- a/ext/session/session.c
+++ b/ext/session/session.c
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ zend_class_entry *php_session_update_timestamp_iface_entry;
 #define APPLY_TRANS_SID (PS(use_trans_sid) && !PS(use_only_cookies))
 
 static zend_result php_session_send_cookie(void);
-static zend_result php_session_abort(void);
+static bool php_session_abort(void);
 static void proposed_session_id_to_session_id(const zval *proposed_session_id);
 
 /* Initialized in MINIT, readonly otherwise. */
@@ -177,11 +177,6 @@ static void php_rshutdown_session_globals(void)
 		PS(session_vars) = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (PS(mod_user_class_name)) {
-		zend_string_release(PS(mod_user_class_name));
-		PS(mod_user_class_name) = NULL;
-	}
-
 	php_session_cleanup_filename();
 
 	/* User save handlers may end up directly here by misuse, bugs in user script, etc. */
@@ -310,23 +305,17 @@ static zend_result php_session_decode(const zend_string *data)
 
 static const char hexconvtab[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ,-";
 
-static void bin_to_readable(unsigned char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen, char nbits)
+static void bin_to_readable(const unsigned char *in, size_t inlen, char *out, size_t outlen, char nbits)
 {
-	unsigned char *p, *q;
-	unsigned short w;
-	int mask;
-	int have;
-
-	p = (unsigned char *)in;
-	q = (unsigned char *)in + inlen;
-
-	w = 0;
-	have = 0;
-	mask = (1 << nbits) - 1;
+	const unsigned char *p = in;
+	const unsigned char *end_p = in + inlen;
+	unsigned short w = 0;
+	int have = 0;
+	const int mask = (1 << nbits) - 1;
 
 	while (outlen--) {
 		if (have < nbits) {
-			if (p < q) {
+			if (p < end_p) {
 				w |= *p++ << have;
 				have += 8;
 			} else {
@@ -429,7 +418,7 @@ static zend_result php_session_initialize(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Open session handler first */
-	if (PS(mod)->s_open(&PS(mod_data), ZSTR_VAL(PS(save_path)), ZSTR_VAL(PS(session_name))) == FAILURE
+	if (PS(mod)->s_open(&PS(mod_data), PS(save_path), PS(session_name)) == FAILURE
 		/* || PS(mod_data) == NULL */ /* FIXME: open must set valid PS(mod_data) with success */
 	) {
 		php_session_abort();
@@ -516,9 +505,7 @@ static void php_session_save_current_state(bool write)
 
 	if (write) {
 		IF_SESSION_VARS() {
-			zend_string *handler_class_name = PS(mod_user_class_name);
-			const char *handler_function_name = "write";
-
+			zval *handler_function = &PS(mod_user_names).ps_write;
 			if (PS(mod_data) || PS(mod_user_implemented)) {
 				zend_string *val;
 
@@ -530,7 +517,7 @@ static void php_session_save_current_state(bool write)
 						&& zend_string_equals(val, PS(session_vars))
 					) {
 						ret = PS(mod)->s_update_timestamp(&PS(mod_data), PS(id), val, PS(gc_maxlifetime));
-						handler_function_name = handler_class_name != NULL ? "updateTimestamp" : "update_timestamp";
+						handler_function = &PS(mod_user_names).ps_update_timestamp;
 					} else {
 						ret = PS(mod)->s_write(&PS(mod_data), PS(id), val, PS(gc_maxlifetime));
 					}
@@ -547,14 +534,12 @@ static void php_session_save_current_state(bool write)
 									 "is correct (%s)",
 									 PS(mod)->s_name,
 									 ZSTR_VAL(PS(save_path)));
-				} else if (handler_class_name != NULL) {
-					php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Failed to write session data using user "
-									 "defined save handler. (session.save_path: %s, handler: %s::%s)", ZSTR_VAL(PS(save_path)),
-									 ZSTR_VAL(handler_class_name), handler_function_name);
 				} else {
+					zend_string *callable_name = zend_get_callable_name(handler_function);
 					php_error_docref(NULL, E_WARNING, "Failed to write session data using user "
 									 "defined save handler. (session.save_path: %s, handler: %s)", ZSTR_VAL(PS(save_path)),
-									 handler_function_name);
+									 ZSTR_VAL(callable_name));
+					zend_string_release_ex(callable_name, false);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1004,15 +989,12 @@ PS_SERIALIZER_ENCODE_FUNC(php_binary)
 
 PS_SERIALIZER_DECODE_FUNC(php_binary)
 {
-	const char *p;
 	const char *endptr = val + vallen;
-	zend_string *name;
 	php_unserialize_data_t var_hash;
-	zval *current, rv;
 
 	PHP_VAR_UNSERIALIZE_INIT(var_hash);
 
-	for (p = val; p < endptr; ) {
+	for (const char *p = val; p < endptr; ) {
 		size_t namelen = ((unsigned char)(*p)) & (~PS_BIN_UNDEF);
 
 		if (namelen > PS_BIN_MAX || (p + namelen) >= endptr) {
@@ -1020,11 +1002,12 @@ PS_SERIALIZER_DECODE_FUNC(php_binary)
 			return FAILURE;
 		}
 
-		name = zend_string_init(p + 1, namelen, false);
+		zend_string *name = zend_string_init(p + 1, namelen, false);
 		p += namelen + 1;
-		current = var_tmp_var(&var_hash);
+		zval *current = var_tmp_var(&var_hash);
 
 		if (php_var_unserialize(current, (const unsigned char **) &p, (const unsigned char *) endptr, &var_hash)) {
+			zval rv;
 			ZVAL_PTR(&rv, current);
 			php_set_session_var(name, &rv, &var_hash);
 		} else {
@@ -1203,12 +1186,12 @@ typedef struct {
 #define ADD_HEADER(a) sapi_add_header(a, strlen(a), 1);
 #define MAX_STR 512
 
-static const char *month_names[] = {
+static const char *const month_names[] = {
 	"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
 	"Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
 };
 
-static const char *week_days[] = {
+static const char *const week_days[] = {
 	"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"
 };
 
@@ -1309,8 +1292,6 @@ static const php_session_cache_limiter_t php_session_cache_limiters[] = {
 
 static int php_session_cache_limiter(void)
 {
-	const php_session_cache_limiter_t *lim;
-
 	if (ZSTR_LEN(PS(cache_limiter)) == 0) {
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -1322,7 +1303,7 @@ static int php_session_cache_limiter(void)
 		return -2;
 	}
 
-	for (lim = php_session_cache_limiters; lim->name; lim++) {
+	for (const php_session_cache_limiter_t *lim = php_session_cache_limiters; lim->name; lim++) {
 		if (!strcasecmp(lim->name, ZSTR_VAL(PS(cache_limiter)))) {
 			lim->func();
 			return 0;
@@ -1455,9 +1436,8 @@ PHPAPI const ps_module *_php_find_ps_module(const char *name)
 PHPAPI const ps_serializer *_php_find_ps_serializer(const char *name)
 {
 	const ps_serializer *found_serializer = NULL;
-	const ps_serializer *current_serializer;
 
-	for (current_serializer = ps_serializers; current_serializer->name; current_serializer++) {
+	for (const ps_serializer *current_serializer = ps_serializers; current_serializer->name; current_serializer++) {
 		if (!strcasecmp(name, current_serializer->name)) {
 			found_serializer = current_serializer;
 			break;
@@ -1652,16 +1632,14 @@ PHPAPI zend_result php_session_reset_id(void)
 
 PHPAPI zend_result php_session_start(void)
 {
-	const char *value;
-
 	switch (PS(session_status)) {
 		case php_session_active:
 			php_session_session_already_started_error(E_NOTICE, "Ignoring session_start() because a session has already been started");
 			return FAILURE;
 			break;
 
-		case php_session_disabled:
-			value = zend_ini_string(ZEND_STRL("session.save_handler"), false);
+		case php_session_disabled: {
+			const char *value = zend_ini_string(ZEND_STRL("session.save_handler"), false);
 			if (!PS(mod) && value) {
 				PS(mod) = _php_find_ps_module(value);
 				if (!PS(mod)) {
@@ -1679,6 +1657,7 @@ PHPAPI zend_result php_session_start(void)
 			}
 			PS(session_status) = php_session_none;
 			ZEND_FALLTHROUGH;
+		}
 
 		case php_session_none:
 		default:
@@ -1691,7 +1670,7 @@ PHPAPI zend_result php_session_start(void)
 	 * Cookies are preferred, because initially cookie and get
 	 * variables will be available.
 	 * URL/POST session ID may be used when use_only_cookies=Off.
-	 * session.use_strice_mode=On prevents session adoption.
+	 * session.use_strict_mode=On prevents session adoption.
 	 * Session based file upload progress uses non-cookie ID.
 	 */
 
@@ -1729,14 +1708,14 @@ PHPAPI zend_result php_session_start(void)
 	return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-PHPAPI zend_result php_session_flush(bool write)
+PHPAPI bool php_session_flush(bool write)
 {
 	if (PS(session_status) == php_session_active) {
 		php_session_save_current_state(write);
 		PS(session_status) = php_session_none;
-		return SUCCESS;
+		return true;
 	}
-	return FAILURE;
+	return false;
 }
 
 PHPAPI php_session_status php_get_session_status(void)
@@ -1744,36 +1723,21 @@ PHPAPI php_session_status php_get_session_status(void)
 	return PS(session_status);
 }
 
-static zend_result php_session_abort(void)
+static bool php_session_abort(void)
 {
 	if (PS(session_status) == php_session_active) {
 		if (PS(mod_data) || PS(mod_user_implemented)) {
 			PS(mod)->s_close(&PS(mod_data));
 		}
 		PS(session_status) = php_session_none;
-		return SUCCESS;
+		return true;
 	}
-	return FAILURE;
+	return false;
 }
 
-static zend_result php_session_reset(void)
+static bool php_session_reset(void)
 {
-	if (PS(session_status) == php_session_active
-		&& php_session_initialize() == SUCCESS) {
-		return SUCCESS;
-	}
-	return FAILURE;
-}
-
-
-/* This API is not used by any PHP modules including session currently.
-   session_adapt_url() may be used to set Session ID to target url without
-   starting "URL-Rewriter" output handler. */
-PHPAPI void session_adapt_url(const char *url, size_t url_len, char **new_url, size_t *new_len)
-{
-	if (APPLY_TRANS_SID && (PS(session_status) == php_session_active)) {
-		*new_url = php_url_scanner_adapt_single_url(url, url_len, ZSTR_VAL(PS(session_name)), ZSTR_VAL(PS(id)), new_len, true);
-	}
+	return PS(session_status) == php_session_active && php_session_initialize() == SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /* ********************************
@@ -1817,9 +1781,6 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_cookie_params)
 	}
 
 	if (options_ht) {
-		zend_string *key;
-		zval *value;
-
 		if (path) {
 			zend_argument_value_error(2, "must be null when argument #1 ($lifetime_or_options) is an array");
 			RETURN_THROWS();
@@ -1839,7 +1800,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_cookie_params)
 			zend_argument_value_error(5, "must be null when argument #1 ($lifetime_or_options) is an array");
 			RETURN_THROWS();
 		}
-		ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(options_ht, key, value) {
+		ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(options_ht, zend_string *key, zval *value) {
 			if (key) {
 				ZVAL_DEREF(value);
 				if (zend_string_equals_literal_ci(key, "lifetime")) {
@@ -1916,7 +1877,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_cookie_params)
 	}
 	if (!secure_null) {
 		ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.cookie_secure", false);
-		result = zend_alter_ini_entry_chars(ini_name, secure ? "1" : "0", 1, PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
+		result = zend_alter_ini_entry(ini_name, secure ? ZSTR_CHAR('1') : ZSTR_CHAR('0'), PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
 		zend_string_release_ex(ini_name, false);
 		if (result == FAILURE) {
 			RETVAL_FALSE;
@@ -1925,7 +1886,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_cookie_params)
 	}
 	if (!partitioned_null) {
 		ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.cookie_partitioned", false);
-		result = zend_alter_ini_entry_chars(ini_name, partitioned ? "1" : "0", 1, PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
+		result = zend_alter_ini_entry(ini_name, partitioned ? ZSTR_CHAR('1') : ZSTR_CHAR('0'), PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
 		zend_string_release_ex(ini_name, false);
 		if (result == FAILURE) {
 			RETVAL_FALSE;
@@ -1934,7 +1895,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_cookie_params)
 	}
 	if (!httponly_null) {
 		ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.cookie_httponly", false);
-		result = zend_alter_ini_entry_chars(ini_name, httponly ? "1" : "0", 1, PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
+		result = zend_alter_ini_entry(ini_name, httponly ? ZSTR_CHAR('1') : ZSTR_CHAR('0'), PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
 		zend_string_release_ex(ini_name, false);
 		if (result == FAILURE) {
 			RETVAL_FALSE;
@@ -2005,9 +1966,8 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_name)
 PHP_FUNCTION(session_module_name)
 {
 	zend_string *name = NULL;
-	zend_string *ini_name;
 
-	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "|S!", &name) == FAILURE) {
+	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "|P!", &name) == FAILURE) {
 		RETURN_THROWS();
 	}
 
@@ -2024,7 +1984,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_module_name)
 
 	if (name) {
 		if (zend_string_equals_ci(name, ZSTR_KNOWN(ZEND_STR_USER))) {
-			zend_argument_value_error(1, "cannot be \"user\"");
+			zend_argument_value_error(1, "must not be \"user\"");
 			RETURN_THROWS();
 		}
 		if (!_php_find_ps_module(ZSTR_VAL(name))) {
@@ -2038,7 +1998,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_module_name)
 		}
 		PS(mod_data) = NULL;
 
-		ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.save_handler", false);
+		zend_string *ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.save_handler", false);
 		zend_alter_ini_entry(ini_name, name, PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
 		zend_string_release_ex(ini_name, false);
 	}
@@ -2115,11 +2075,6 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_save_handler)
 			RETURN_FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if (PS(mod_user_class_name)) {
-			zend_string_release(PS(mod_user_class_name));
-		}
-		PS(mod_user_class_name) = zend_string_copy(Z_OBJCE_P(obj)->name);
-
 		/* Define mandatory handlers */
 		SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO_MANDATORY(ps_open, "open");
 		SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO_MANDATORY(ps_close, "close");
@@ -2154,7 +2109,8 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_save_handler)
 			/* Validate ID handler */
 			SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO(ps_validate_sid, zend_string_copy(validate_sid_name));
 			/* Update Timestamp handler */
-			SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO(ps_update_timestamp, zend_string_copy(update_timestamp_name));
+			/* We need to provide a new string with the correct casing so that error messages work */
+			SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO(ps_update_timestamp, ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("updateTimestamp", false));
 		} else {
 			/* For BC reasons we accept methods even if the class does not implement the interface */
 			if (zend_hash_find_ptr(object_methods, validate_sid_name)) {
@@ -2163,7 +2119,8 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_save_handler)
 			}
 			if (zend_hash_find_ptr(object_methods, update_timestamp_name)) {
 				/* For BC reasons we accept methods even if the class does not implement the interface */
-				SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO(ps_update_timestamp, zend_string_copy(update_timestamp_name));
+				/* We need to provide a new string with the correct casing so that error messages work */
+				SESSION_SET_USER_HANDLER_OO(ps_update_timestamp, ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("updateTimestamp", false));
 			}
 		}
 		zend_string_release_ex(validate_sid_name, false);
@@ -2240,12 +2197,6 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_set_save_handler)
 		RETURN_FALSE;
 	}
 
-	/* If a custom session handler is already set, release relevant info */
-	if (PS(mod_user_class_name)) {
-		zend_string_release(PS(mod_user_class_name));
-		PS(mod_user_class_name) = NULL;
-	}
-
 	/* remove shutdown function */
 	remove_user_shutdown_function("session_shutdown", strlen("session_shutdown"));
 
@@ -2381,7 +2332,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_regenerate_id)
 	zend_string_release_ex(PS(id), false);
 	PS(id) = NULL;
 
-	if (PS(mod)->s_open(&PS(mod_data), ZSTR_VAL(PS(save_path)), ZSTR_VAL(PS(session_name))) == FAILURE) {
+	if (PS(mod)->s_open(&PS(mod_data), PS(save_path), PS(session_name)) == FAILURE) {
 		PS(session_status) = php_session_none;
 		if (!EG(exception)) {
 			zend_throw_error(NULL, "Failed to open session: %s (path: %s)", PS(mod)->s_name, ZSTR_VAL(PS(save_path)));
@@ -2495,7 +2446,6 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_create_id)
 PHP_FUNCTION(session_cache_limiter)
 {
 	zend_string *limiter = NULL;
-	zend_string *ini_name;
 
 	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "|S!", &limiter) == FAILURE) {
 		RETURN_THROWS();
@@ -2514,7 +2464,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_cache_limiter)
 	RETVAL_STRINGL(ZSTR_VAL(PS(cache_limiter)), ZSTR_LEN(PS(cache_limiter)));
 
 	if (limiter) {
-		ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.cache_limiter", false);
+		zend_string *ini_name = ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL("session.cache_limiter", false);
 		zend_alter_ini_entry(ini_name, limiter, PHP_INI_USER, PHP_INI_STAGE_RUNTIME);
 		zend_string_release_ex(ini_name, false);
 	}
@@ -2585,7 +2535,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_decode)
 	RETURN_BOOL(php_session_decode(str) == SUCCESS);
 }
 
-static zend_result php_session_start_set_ini(zend_string *varname, zend_string *new_value) {
+static zend_result php_session_start_set_ini(const zend_string *varname, zend_string *new_value) {
 	zend_result ret;
 	smart_str buf ={0};
 	smart_str_appends(&buf, "session");
@@ -2600,8 +2550,6 @@ static zend_result php_session_start_set_ini(zend_string *varname, zend_string *
 PHP_FUNCTION(session_start)
 {
 	zval *options = NULL;
-	zval *value;
-	zend_string *str_idx;
 	bool read_and_close = false;
 
 	if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "|a", &options) == FAILURE) {
@@ -2625,7 +2573,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_start)
 
 	/* set options */
 	if (options) {
-		ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(options), str_idx, value) {
+		ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_STR_KEY_VAL(Z_ARRVAL_P(options), zend_string *str_idx, zval *value) {
 			if (UNEXPECTED(!str_idx)) {
 				zend_argument_value_error(1, "must be of type array with keys as string");
 				RETURN_THROWS();
@@ -2742,11 +2690,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_write_close)
 		RETURN_THROWS();
 	}
 
-	if (PS(session_status) != php_session_active) {
-		RETURN_FALSE;
-	}
-	php_session_flush(true);
-	RETURN_TRUE;
+	RETURN_BOOL(php_session_flush(true));
 }
 
 /* Abort session and end session. Session data will not be written */
@@ -2756,11 +2700,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_abort)
 		RETURN_THROWS();
 	}
 
-	if (PS(session_status) != php_session_active) {
-		RETURN_FALSE;
-	}
-	php_session_abort();
-	RETURN_TRUE;
+	RETURN_BOOL(php_session_abort());
 }
 
 /* Reset session data from saved session data */
@@ -2770,11 +2710,7 @@ PHP_FUNCTION(session_reset)
 		RETURN_THROWS();
 	}
 
-	if (PS(session_status) != php_session_active) {
-		RETURN_FALSE;
-	}
-	php_session_reset();
-	RETURN_TRUE;
+	RETURN_BOOL(php_session_reset());
 }
 
 PHP_FUNCTION(session_status)
@@ -2906,7 +2842,6 @@ static PHP_GINIT_FUNCTION(ps)
 	ps_globals->session_status = php_session_none;
 	ps_globals->default_mod = NULL;
 	ps_globals->mod_user_implemented = false;
-	ps_globals->mod_user_class_name = NULL;
 	ps_globals->mod_user_is_open = false;
 	ps_globals->session_vars = NULL;
 	ps_globals->set_handler = false;
@@ -3043,14 +2978,12 @@ static PHP_MINFO_FUNCTION(session)
 
 static bool early_find_sid_in(zval *dest, int where)
 {
-	zval *potential_session_id;
-
 	if (Z_ISUNDEF(PG(http_globals)[where])) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if ((potential_session_id = zend_hash_find(Z_ARRVAL(PG(http_globals)[where]), PS(session_name)))
-			&& Z_TYPE_P(potential_session_id) == IS_STRING) {
+	zval *potential_session_id = zend_hash_find(Z_ARRVAL(PG(http_globals)[where]), PS(session_name));
+	if (potential_session_id && Z_TYPE_P(potential_session_id) == IS_STRING) {
 		zval_ptr_dtor(dest);
 		ZVAL_COPY_DEREF(dest, potential_session_id);
 		return true;
@@ -3078,15 +3011,15 @@ static void php_session_rfc1867_early_find_sid(php_session_rfc1867_progress *pro
 
 static bool php_check_cancel_upload(const php_session_rfc1867_progress *progress)
 {
-	zval *progress_ary, *cancel_upload;
-
-	if ((progress_ary = zend_symtable_find(Z_ARRVAL_P(Z_REFVAL(PS(http_session_vars))), progress->key.s)) == NULL) {
+	const zval *progress_ary = zend_symtable_find(Z_ARRVAL_P(Z_REFVAL(PS(http_session_vars))), progress->key.s);
+	if (progress_ary == NULL) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	if (Z_TYPE_P(progress_ary) != IS_ARRAY) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if ((cancel_upload = zend_hash_str_find(Z_ARRVAL_P(progress_ary), ZEND_STRL("cancel_upload"))) == NULL) {
+	const zval *cancel_upload = zend_hash_str_find(Z_ARRVAL_P(progress_ary), ZEND_STRL("cancel_upload"));
+	if (cancel_upload == NULL) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	return Z_TYPE_P(cancel_upload) == IS_TRUE;
diff --git a/ext/session/tests/bug73100.phpt b/ext/session/tests/bug73100.phpt
index 21e698a14aba8..fc9984428726f 100644
--- a/ext/session/tests/bug73100.phpt
+++ b/ext/session/tests/bug73100.phpt
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ bool(true)
 
 Warning: session_module_name(): Session save handler module cannot be changed when a session is active (started from %s on line %d) in %s on line %d
 bool(true)
-session_module_name(): Argument #1 ($module) cannot be "user"
+session_module_name(): Argument #1 ($module) must not be "user"
 ===DONE===
diff --git a/ext/session/tests/session_module_name_errors.phpt b/ext/session/tests/session_module_name_errors.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f00171e6584ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/session/tests/session_module_name_errors.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+--TEST--
+session_module_name(): errors
+--EXTENSIONS--
+session
+--FILE--
+<?php
+
+try {
+	var_dump(session_module_name("user"));
+} catch (Throwable $e) {
+	echo $e::class, ': ', $e->getMessage(), PHP_EOL;
+}
+try {
+	var_dump(session_module_name("fi\0le"));
+} catch (Throwable $e) {
+	echo $e::class, ': ', $e->getMessage(), PHP_EOL;
+}
+
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+ValueError: session_module_name(): Argument #1 ($module) must not be "user"
+ValueError: session_module_name(): Argument #1 ($module) must not contain any null bytes
diff --git a/ext/session/tests/user_session_module/gh7787.phpt b/ext/session/tests/user_session_module/gh7787.phpt
index 85ce7bd887cb6..ee62e8f049635 100644
--- a/ext/session/tests/user_session_module/gh7787.phpt
+++ b/ext/session/tests/user_session_module/gh7787.phpt
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ Warning: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined
 
 Deprecated: session_set_save_handler(): Providing individual callbacks instead of an object implementing SessionHandlerInterface is deprecated in %s on line %d
 
-Warning: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: %S, handler: write) in %s on line %d
+Warning: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: %S, handler: {closure:%s:57}) in %s on line %d
 
-Warning: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: %S, handler: update_timestamp) in %s on line %d
+Warning: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: %S, handler: {closure:%s:62}) in %s on line %d