[FIX] Check strdup() return values in lib_ccx; remove strdup of string literals

[NexionisJake]

Two related strdup bugs across multiple lib_ccx files:

1. strdup(variable) return not checked for NULL — use after potential NULL dereference causes undefined behavior /
   segfault on OOM. Fixed by adding NULL check + fatal(EXIT_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY, ...).

2. strdup("literal") in get_buffer_type_str returned directly as function result — unchecked and leaks memory on every
   call since the function has no callers that free it. Fixed by removing strdup and returning string literals directly;
   return type changed from char * to const char * (no callers exist, no header declaration).

Files changed:
src/lib_ccx/ccx_common_common.c
src/lib_ccx/ccx_encoders_common.c
src/lib_ccx/ccx_encoders_helpers.c
src/lib_ccx/configuration.c
src/lib_ccx/hardsubx.c
src/lib_ccx/hardsubx_decoder.c
src/lib_ccx/ocr.c
src/lib_ccx/output.c
src/lib_ccx/ts_functions.c

Fixes #2194

In raising this pull request, I confirm the following (please check boxes):

Reason for this PR:

• This PR adds new functionality.
• This PR fixes a bug that I have personally experienced or that a real user has reported and for which a sample
  exists.
• This PR is porting code from C to Rust.

Sanity check:

• I have read and understood the contributors
  guide.
• I have checked that another pull request for this purpose does not exist.
• If the PR adds new functionality, I've added it to the changelog. If it's just a bug fix, I have NOT added it to
  the changelog.
• I am NOT adding new C code unless it's to fix an existing, reproducible bug.

Repro instructions:

The bug is reproducible on any system where malloc can fail (e.g. under memory pressure or with a malloc-failing wrapper
like libfakemem). The affected call sites pass the raw strdup() return value directly into functions or use it
immediately without a NULL check:

// Example — output.c init_write():
wb->original_filename = strdup(filename);
// If OOM: wb->original_filename is NULL, later dereference → segfault
                                                                                                                         
// Example — ts_functions.c get_buffer_type_str():                                                                       
return strdup("MPG");                                                                                                    
// Heap-allocates on every call, return value never freed by any caller                                                  
// (grep confirms zero callers in the source tree)                                                                       
                                                                                                                         
Each fixed site either adds if (ptr == NULL) fatal(EXIT_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY, ...) immediately after the strdup(), or (for  
get_buffer_type_str) eliminates the strdup() entirely by returning the string literal directly.                          

[ccextractor-bot]

CCExtractor CI platform finished running the test files on linux. Below is a summary of the test results, when compared to test for commit 03ad9e8...:

Report Name	Tests Passed
Broken	10/13
CEA-708	1/14
DVB	4/7
DVD	3/3
DVR-MS	2/2
General	27/27
Hardsubx	1/1
Hauppage	3/3
MP4	3/3
NoCC	10/10
Options	79/86
Teletext	20/21
WTV	13/13
XDS	34/34

Your PR breaks these cases:

• ccextractor --startcreditsnotafter 2 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...
• ccextractor --startcreditsforatmost 2 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...

NOTE: The following tests have been failing on the master branch as well as the PR:

• ccextractor --out=srt --latin1 --autoprogram 73d9313d64..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --out=ttxt --latin1 001dd8cdf7..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --out=srt --latin1 4d4e938ef6..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt --no-bom --no-rollup ea83ff7bcb..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt f17524b53f..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt 80848c45f8..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt --no-bom --no-rollup b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1[EUC-KR] --out=txt --no-rollup b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=srt da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=sami da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=ttxt da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8926

• ccextractor --service 1[EUC-KR] b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1[EUC-KR] --no-rollup b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service all da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service all[EUC-KR] b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1,2[UTF-8],3[EUC-KR],54 --out=txt da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 d41b53b504..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --stdout --quiet --no-fontcolor 79a51f3500..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --stdout --quiet --no-fontcolor 767b546f96..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --service 1 c83f765c66..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --myth c83f765c66..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --in=raw fb79021542..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --mp4vidtrack 5df914ce77..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --xmltv=3 --out=null 96efd279cf..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

• ccextractor --datapid 2310 --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 e639e54550..., Last passed:

  Test 8738

Congratulations: Merging this PR would fix the following tests:

• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla --xds 8e8229b88b..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 --quant 0 85271be4d2..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 132d7df7e9..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 99e5eaafdc..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 b22260d065..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla 7aad20907e..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla dab1c1bd65..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 01509e4d27..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --out=srt --latin1 --autoprogram 29e5ffd34b..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --out=spupng c83f765c66..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --startcreditsnotbefore 1 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --startcreditsforatleast 1 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --xds --latin1 --ucla 85058ad37e..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 --ucla b22260d065..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla --xds 7f41299cc7..., Last passed: Never

It seems that not all tests were passed completely. This is an indication that the output of some files is not as expected (but might be according to you).

Check the result page for more info.

[ccextractor-bot]

CCExtractor CI platform finished running the test files on windows. Below is a summary of the test results, when compared to test for commit 03ad9e8...:

Report Name	Tests Passed
Broken	10/13
CEA-708	1/14
DVB	3/7
DVD	3/3
DVR-MS	2/2
General	25/27
Hardsubx	1/1
Hauppage	3/3
MP4	3/3
NoCC	10/10
Options	75/86
Teletext	20/21
WTV	13/13
XDS	34/34

Your PR breaks these cases:

• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 --quant 0 85271be4d2...
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla dab1c1bd65...
• ccextractor --out=srt --latin1 --autoprogram 29e5ffd34b...
• ccextractor --out=spupng c83f765c66...
• ccextractor --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...
• ccextractor --startcreditsnotbefore 1 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...
• ccextractor --startcreditsnotafter 2 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...
• ccextractor --startcreditsforatleast 1 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...
• ccextractor --startcreditsforatmost 2 --startcreditstext "CCextractor Start crdit Testing" c4dd893cb9...

NOTE: The following tests have been failing on the master branch as well as the PR:

• ccextractor --out=srt --latin1 --autoprogram 73d9313d64..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --out=ttxt --latin1 001dd8cdf7..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --out=srt --latin1 4d4e938ef6..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt --no-bom --no-rollup ea83ff7bcb..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt f17524b53f..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt 80848c45f8..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=txt --no-bom --no-rollup b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1[EUC-KR] --out=txt --no-rollup b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=srt da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=sami da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 --out=ttxt da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8943

• ccextractor --service 1[EUC-KR] b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1[EUC-KR] --no-rollup b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service all da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service all[EUC-KR] b5d6aad89f..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1,2[UTF-8],3[EUC-KR],54 --out=txt da904de35d..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 d41b53b504..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --stdout --quiet --no-fontcolor 79a51f3500..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --stdout --quiet --no-fontcolor 767b546f96..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --service 1 c83f765c66..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --myth c83f765c66..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --in=raw fb79021542..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --mp4vidtrack 5df914ce77..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --xmltv=3 --out=null 96efd279cf..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

• ccextractor --datapid 2310 --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 e639e54550..., Last passed:

  Test 8611

Congratulations: Merging this PR would fix the following tests:

• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla --xds 8e8229b88b..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 132d7df7e9..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 99e5eaafdc..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 b22260d065..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla 7aad20907e..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 01509e4d27..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --xds --latin1 --ucla 85058ad37e..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=srt --latin1 --ucla b22260d065..., Last passed: Never
• ccextractor --autoprogram --out=ttxt --latin1 --ucla --xds 7f41299cc7..., Last passed: Never

It seems that not all tests were passed completely. This is an indication that the output of some files is not as expected (but might be according to you).

Check the result page for more info.