Avoid creation of empty CopyOnWriteArrayList for span links by dougqh · Pull Request #10822 · DataDog/dd-trace-java

dougqh · 2026-03-12T15:12:54Z

What Does This Do

This change shares an "EMPTY" list between spans when there are no span links.

This avoids the construction of a CopyOnWriteArrayList, empty Object[], and internal lock Object for the common case where there are no links.

Motivation

This elimination of the CopyOnWriteArrayList in the empty case, reduced allocation by 5% and GC time by 7% in a span creation stress test.

Additional Notes

Contributor Checklist

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Jira ticket: [PROJ-IDENT]

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This change shares an "EMPTY" list between span when there are no span links. This avoids the construction of a CopyOnWriteArrayList, empty Object[], and internal lock Object for the common case where there are no links. This elimination of the CopyOnWriteArrayList in the empty case, reduced allocation by 5% and GC time by 7% in a span creation stress test.

amarziali

thanks for the improvement

amarziali · 2026-03-12T15:44:13Z

dd-trace-core/src/main/java/datadog/trace/core/DDSpan.java

  private volatile int longRunningVersion = 0;

-  protected final List<AgentSpanLink> links;
+  private static final List<AgentSpanLink> EMPTY = Collections.emptyList();


There is an issue with SpanPointersProcessor. In fact TagsPostProcessors manipulate links directly and adding something to an emptyList will cause an UnsupportedOperationException. What can be done, is to use an empty non threadsafe list when calling tag processors if the original is empty and eventually batch adding the list at the end if the processors added something

Few ideas here:

There is a TODO from Doug about the processor that mutates the span links:

dd-trace-java/dd-trace-core/src/main/java/datadog/trace/core/tagprocessor/SpanPointersProcessor.java

Line 42 in d9df78f

// DQH - TODO - There's a lot room to optimize this using TagMap's capabilities

Does it mean it can skip span links and use tags directly?

As processors only add span links, we can replace the span links collection by a method reference to the addSpanLink method as Consumer<SpanLink>. This will avoid exposing the span link implementation and we can keep it null until there is effectively span link stored.

That's a good catch.
I do think we need to improve the encapsulation; otherwise, these changes are going to be hard to make.

As for my prior TODO, TagMap has a bunch of methods for removeAndGetEntry, getString, stringValue, etc that could be used in the various *spanPointer methods. In theory, they could simplify the code significantly.

On a related note, I'm curious why spanLinks was put on DDSpan rather than DDSpanContext.
It seems like it would be more consistent to put on DDSpanContext and then we wouldn't have this issue.

I also think we might be pool DDSpanContext in the future, so I'd like to avoid adding more to DDSpan.

pr-commenter · 2026-03-12T15:57:56Z

Benchmarks

Startup

Parameters

	Baseline	Candidate
baseline_or_candidate	baseline	candidate
git_branch	master	dougqh/span-links-allocation
git_commit_date	1773312120	1773328264
git_commit_sha	`93c3816`	`40fc417`
release_version	1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062	1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7

See matching parameters

	Baseline	Candidate
application	insecure-bank	insecure-bank
ci_job_date	1773330010	1773330010
ci_job_id	1500802965	1500802965
ci_pipeline_id	102158397	102158397
cpu_model	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
kernel_version	Linux runner-zfyrx7zua-project-304-concurrent-2-dyta6wri 6.8.0-1031-aws #33~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 26 14:22:30 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux	Linux runner-zfyrx7zua-project-304-concurrent-2-dyta6wri 6.8.0-1031-aws #33~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 26 14:22:30 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
module	Agent	Agent
parent	None	None

Summary

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 64 metrics, 7 unstable metrics.

Startup time reports for insecure-bank

gantt
    title insecure-bank - global startup overhead: candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062

    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section tracing
Agent [baseline] (1.059 s) : 0, 1059300
Total [baseline] (8.821 s) : 0, 8821382
Agent [candidate] (1.063 s) : 0, 1063068
Total [candidate] (8.838 s) : 0, 8838074
section iast
Agent [baseline] (1.224 s) : 0, 1223967
Total [baseline] (9.529 s) : 0, 9529275
Agent [candidate] (1.237 s) : 0, 1237236
Total [candidate] (9.626 s) : 0, 9626169

baseline results

Module	Variant	Duration	Δ tracing
Agent	tracing	1.059 s	-
Agent	iast	1.224 s	164.667 ms (15.5%)
Total	tracing	8.821 s	-
Total	iast	9.529 s	707.893 ms (8.0%)

candidate results

Module	Variant	Duration	Δ tracing
Agent	tracing	1.063 s	-
Agent	iast	1.237 s	174.168 ms (16.4%)
Total	tracing	8.838 s	-
Total	iast	9.626 s	788.095 ms (8.9%)

gantt
    title insecure-bank - break down per module: candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062

    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section tracing
crashtracking [baseline] (1.2 ms) : 0, 1200
crashtracking [candidate] (1.209 ms) : 0, 1209
BytebuddyAgent [baseline] (629.253 ms) : 0, 629253
BytebuddyAgent [candidate] (631.084 ms) : 0, 631084
AgentMeter [baseline] (29.137 ms) : 0, 29137
AgentMeter [candidate] (29.33 ms) : 0, 29330
GlobalTracer [baseline] (257.389 ms) : 0, 257389
GlobalTracer [candidate] (258.262 ms) : 0, 258262
AppSec [baseline] (31.691 ms) : 0, 31691
AppSec [candidate] (31.741 ms) : 0, 31741
Debugger [baseline] (58.888 ms) : 0, 58888
Debugger [candidate] (59.039 ms) : 0, 59039
Remote Config [baseline] (595.757 µs) : 0, 596
Remote Config [candidate] (595.549 µs) : 0, 596
Telemetry [baseline] (8.715 ms) : 0, 8715
Telemetry [candidate] (8.606 ms) : 0, 8606
Flare Poller [baseline] (6.405 ms) : 0, 6405
Flare Poller [candidate] (7.119 ms) : 0, 7119
section iast
crashtracking [baseline] (1.189 ms) : 0, 1189
crashtracking [candidate] (1.191 ms) : 0, 1191
BytebuddyAgent [baseline] (793.967 ms) : 0, 793967
BytebuddyAgent [candidate] (803.35 ms) : 0, 803350
AgentMeter [baseline] (11.288 ms) : 0, 11288
AgentMeter [candidate] (11.643 ms) : 0, 11643
GlobalTracer [baseline] (246.966 ms) : 0, 246966
GlobalTracer [candidate] (249.807 ms) : 0, 249807
IAST [baseline] (25.094 ms) : 0, 25094
IAST [candidate] (25.417 ms) : 0, 25417
AppSec [baseline] (26.346 ms) : 0, 26346
AppSec [candidate] (26.664 ms) : 0, 26664
Debugger [baseline] (62.715 ms) : 0, 62715
Debugger [candidate] (62.757 ms) : 0, 62757
Remote Config [baseline] (544.341 µs) : 0, 544
Remote Config [candidate] (524.48 µs) : 0, 524
Telemetry [baseline] (15.056 ms) : 0, 15056
Telemetry [candidate] (15.208 ms) : 0, 15208
Flare Poller [baseline] (4.389 ms) : 0, 4389
Flare Poller [candidate] (4.408 ms) : 0, 4408

Startup time reports for petclinic

gantt
    title petclinic - global startup overhead: candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062

    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section tracing
Agent [baseline] (1.059 s) : 0, 1059055
Total [baseline] (11.047 s) : 0, 11046504
Agent [candidate] (1.062 s) : 0, 1061759
Total [candidate] (11.048 s) : 0, 11047624
section appsec
Agent [baseline] (1.242 s) : 0, 1242156
Total [baseline] (11.106 s) : 0, 11105845
Agent [candidate] (1.246 s) : 0, 1245594
Total [candidate] (11.137 s) : 0, 11137046
section iast
Agent [baseline] (1.231 s) : 0, 1231135
Total [baseline] (11.331 s) : 0, 11330714
Agent [candidate] (1.225 s) : 0, 1225207
Total [candidate] (11.328 s) : 0, 11327532
section profiling
Agent [baseline] (1.186 s) : 0, 1186246
Total [baseline] (11.016 s) : 0, 11015656
Agent [candidate] (1.177 s) : 0, 1177500
Total [candidate] (10.937 s) : 0, 10936657

baseline results

Module	Variant	Duration	Δ tracing
Agent	tracing	1.059 s	-
Agent	appsec	1.242 s	183.101 ms (17.3%)
Agent	iast	1.231 s	172.079 ms (16.2%)
Agent	profiling	1.186 s	127.19 ms (12.0%)
Total	tracing	11.047 s	-
Total	appsec	11.106 s	59.341 ms (0.5%)
Total	iast	11.331 s	284.21 ms (2.6%)
Total	profiling	11.016 s	-30.849 ms (-0.3%)

candidate results

Module	Variant	Duration	Δ tracing
Agent	tracing	1.062 s	-
Agent	appsec	1.246 s	183.834 ms (17.3%)
Agent	iast	1.225 s	163.447 ms (15.4%)
Agent	profiling	1.177 s	115.74 ms (10.9%)
Total	tracing	11.048 s	-
Total	appsec	11.137 s	89.422 ms (0.8%)
Total	iast	11.328 s	279.908 ms (2.5%)
Total	profiling	10.937 s	-110.968 ms (-1.0%)

gantt
    title petclinic - break down per module: candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062

    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section tracing
crashtracking [baseline] (1.191 ms) : 0, 1191
crashtracking [candidate] (1.193 ms) : 0, 1193
BytebuddyAgent [baseline] (626.743 ms) : 0, 626743
BytebuddyAgent [candidate] (629.019 ms) : 0, 629019
AgentMeter [baseline] (29.033 ms) : 0, 29033
AgentMeter [candidate] (29.31 ms) : 0, 29310
GlobalTracer [baseline] (257.074 ms) : 0, 257074
GlobalTracer [candidate] (258.276 ms) : 0, 258276
AppSec [baseline] (31.81 ms) : 0, 31810
AppSec [candidate] (31.726 ms) : 0, 31726
Debugger [baseline] (59.859 ms) : 0, 59859
Debugger [candidate] (59.763 ms) : 0, 59763
Remote Config [baseline] (601.437 µs) : 0, 601
Remote Config [candidate] (597.14 µs) : 0, 597
Telemetry [baseline] (8.705 ms) : 0, 8705
Telemetry [candidate] (8.699 ms) : 0, 8699
Flare Poller [baseline] (8.048 ms) : 0, 8048
Flare Poller [candidate] (7.228 ms) : 0, 7228
section appsec
crashtracking [baseline] (1.186 ms) : 0, 1186
crashtracking [candidate] (1.196 ms) : 0, 1196
BytebuddyAgent [baseline] (655.577 ms) : 0, 655577
BytebuddyAgent [candidate] (657.095 ms) : 0, 657095
AgentMeter [baseline] (11.987 ms) : 0, 11987
AgentMeter [candidate] (12.039 ms) : 0, 12039
GlobalTracer [baseline] (257.567 ms) : 0, 257567
GlobalTracer [candidate] (258.529 ms) : 0, 258529
IAST [baseline] (23.865 ms) : 0, 23865
IAST [candidate] (23.91 ms) : 0, 23910
AppSec [baseline] (177.319 ms) : 0, 177319
AppSec [candidate] (177.575 ms) : 0, 177575
Debugger [baseline] (65.348 ms) : 0, 65348
Debugger [candidate] (65.788 ms) : 0, 65788
Remote Config [baseline] (568.582 µs) : 0, 569
Remote Config [candidate] (573.403 µs) : 0, 573
Telemetry [baseline] (8.932 ms) : 0, 8932
Telemetry [candidate] (8.962 ms) : 0, 8962
Flare Poller [baseline] (3.561 ms) : 0, 3561
Flare Poller [candidate] (3.655 ms) : 0, 3655
section iast
crashtracking [baseline] (1.193 ms) : 0, 1193
crashtracking [candidate] (1.179 ms) : 0, 1179
BytebuddyAgent [baseline] (798.964 ms) : 0, 798964
BytebuddyAgent [candidate] (794.847 ms) : 0, 794847
AgentMeter [baseline] (11.538 ms) : 0, 11538
AgentMeter [candidate] (11.298 ms) : 0, 11298
GlobalTracer [baseline] (247.758 ms) : 0, 247758
GlobalTracer [candidate] (246.743 ms) : 0, 246743
IAST [baseline] (25.21 ms) : 0, 25210
IAST [candidate] (25.042 ms) : 0, 25042
AppSec [baseline] (26.47 ms) : 0, 26470
AppSec [candidate] (26.311 ms) : 0, 26311
Debugger [baseline] (64.443 ms) : 0, 64443
Debugger [candidate] (64.253 ms) : 0, 64253
Remote Config [baseline] (530.288 µs) : 0, 530
Remote Config [candidate] (529.686 µs) : 0, 530
Telemetry [baseline] (14.276 ms) : 0, 14276
Telemetry [candidate] (14.84 ms) : 0, 14840
Flare Poller [baseline] (4.383 ms) : 0, 4383
Flare Poller [candidate] (4.268 ms) : 0, 4268
section profiling
crashtracking [baseline] (1.175 ms) : 0, 1175
crashtracking [candidate] (1.17 ms) : 0, 1170
BytebuddyAgent [baseline] (685.8 ms) : 0, 685800
BytebuddyAgent [candidate] (680.448 ms) : 0, 680448
AgentMeter [baseline] (8.674 ms) : 0, 8674
AgentMeter [candidate] (8.579 ms) : 0, 8579
GlobalTracer [baseline] (216.603 ms) : 0, 216603
GlobalTracer [candidate] (214.84 ms) : 0, 214840
AppSec [baseline] (31.976 ms) : 0, 31976
AppSec [candidate] (31.716 ms) : 0, 31716
Debugger [baseline] (63.935 ms) : 0, 63935
Debugger [candidate] (65.024 ms) : 0, 65024
Remote Config [baseline] (585.487 µs) : 0, 585
Remote Config [candidate] (582.679 µs) : 0, 583
Telemetry [baseline] (9.72 ms) : 0, 9720
Telemetry [candidate] (8.12 ms) : 0, 8120
Flare Poller [baseline] (3.451 ms) : 0, 3451
Flare Poller [candidate] (3.453 ms) : 0, 3453
ProfilingAgent [baseline] (93.286 ms) : 0, 93286
ProfilingAgent [candidate] (93.098 ms) : 0, 93098
Profiling [baseline] (93.849 ms) : 0, 93849
Profiling [candidate] (93.658 ms) : 0, 93658

Load

Parameters

	Baseline	Candidate
baseline_or_candidate	baseline	candidate
git_branch	master	dougqh/span-links-allocation
git_commit_date	1773312120	1773328264
git_commit_sha	`93c3816`	`40fc417`
release_version	1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062	1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7

See matching parameters

	Baseline	Candidate
application	insecure-bank	insecure-bank
ci_job_date	1773330584	1773330584
ci_job_id	1500802966	1500802966
ci_pipeline_id	102158397	102158397
cpu_model	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
kernel_version	Linux runner-zfyrx7zua-project-304-concurrent-1-88mdjkcj 6.8.0-1031-aws #33~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 26 14:22:30 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux	Linux runner-zfyrx7zua-project-304-concurrent-1-88mdjkcj 6.8.0-1031-aws #33~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 26 14:22:30 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Summary

Found 1 performance improvements and 2 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 18 metrics, 15 unstable metrics.

scenario	Δ mean agg_http_req_duration_p50	Δ mean agg_http_req_duration_p95	Δ mean throughput	candidate mean agg_http_req_duration_p50	candidate mean agg_http_req_duration_p95	candidate mean throughput	baseline mean agg_http_req_duration_p50	baseline mean agg_http_req_duration_p95	baseline mean throughput
scenario:load:insecure-bank:profiling:high_load	better [-189.337µs; -57.217µs] or [-10.508%; -3.175%]	unstable [-1241.836µs; -359.831µs] or [-21.627%; -6.267%]	unstable [-37.568op/s; +478.380op/s] or [-1.948%; +24.809%]	1.679ms	4.941ms	2148.656op/s	1.802ms	5.742ms	1928.250op/s
scenario:load:insecure-bank:iast_GLOBAL:high_load	worse [+102.794µs; +268.546µs] or [+3.776%; +9.865%]	worse [+172.172µs; +675.871µs] or [+2.199%; +8.634%]	unstable [-217.055op/s; +69.117op/s] or [-16.434%; +5.233%]	2.908ms	8.252ms	1246.781op/s	2.722ms	7.828ms	1320.750op/s

Request duration reports for insecure-bank

gantt
    title insecure-bank - request duration [CI 0.99] : candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062
    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section baseline
no_agent (1.178 ms) : 1167, 1190
.   : milestone, 1178,
iast (3.166 ms) : 3125, 3207
.   : milestone, 3166,
iast_FULL (5.998 ms) : 5936, 6059
.   : milestone, 5998,
iast_GLOBAL (3.471 ms) : 3421, 3522
.   : milestone, 3471,
profiling (2.354 ms) : 2331, 2377
.   : milestone, 2354,
tracing (1.746 ms) : 1732, 1759
.   : milestone, 1746,
section candidate
no_agent (1.196 ms) : 1184, 1208
.   : milestone, 1196,
iast (3.163 ms) : 3120, 3206
.   : milestone, 3163,
iast_FULL (6.001 ms) : 5940, 6062
.   : milestone, 6001,
iast_GLOBAL (3.679 ms) : 3623, 3736
.   : milestone, 3679,
profiling (2.104 ms) : 2084, 2125
.   : milestone, 2104,
tracing (1.775 ms) : 1761, 1790
.   : milestone, 1775,

baseline results

Variant	Request duration [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	1.178 ms [1.167 ms, 1.19 ms]	-
iast	3.166 ms [3.125 ms, 3.207 ms]	1.988 ms (168.7%)
iast_FULL	5.998 ms [5.936 ms, 6.059 ms]	4.819 ms (409.0%)
iast_GLOBAL	3.471 ms [3.421 ms, 3.522 ms]	2.293 ms (194.6%)
profiling	2.354 ms [2.331 ms, 2.377 ms]	1.176 ms (99.8%)
tracing	1.746 ms [1.732 ms, 1.759 ms]	567.162 µs (48.1%)

candidate results

Variant	Request duration [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	1.196 ms [1.184 ms, 1.208 ms]	-
iast	3.163 ms [3.12 ms, 3.206 ms]	1.967 ms (164.5%)
iast_FULL	6.001 ms [5.94 ms, 6.062 ms]	4.805 ms (401.8%)
iast_GLOBAL	3.679 ms [3.623 ms, 3.736 ms]	2.484 ms (207.7%)
profiling	2.104 ms [2.084 ms, 2.125 ms]	908.139 µs (75.9%)
tracing	1.775 ms [1.761 ms, 1.79 ms]	579.125 µs (48.4%)

Request duration reports for petclinic

gantt
    title petclinic - request duration [CI 0.99] : candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062
    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section baseline
no_agent (18.203 ms) : 18018, 18388
.   : milestone, 18203,
appsec (18.855 ms) : 18663, 19046
.   : milestone, 18855,
code_origins (17.96 ms) : 17780, 18140
.   : milestone, 17960,
iast (17.617 ms) : 17443, 17792
.   : milestone, 17617,
profiling (18.476 ms) : 18292, 18660
.   : milestone, 18476,
tracing (18.04 ms) : 17860, 18219
.   : milestone, 18040,
section candidate
no_agent (18.076 ms) : 17894, 18259
.   : milestone, 18076,
appsec (18.941 ms) : 18749, 19132
.   : milestone, 18941,
code_origins (18.327 ms) : 18144, 18511
.   : milestone, 18327,
iast (17.727 ms) : 17553, 17901
.   : milestone, 17727,
profiling (18.622 ms) : 18434, 18810
.   : milestone, 18622,
tracing (18.27 ms) : 18089, 18451
.   : milestone, 18270,

baseline results

Variant	Request duration [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	18.203 ms [18.018 ms, 18.388 ms]	-
appsec	18.855 ms [18.663 ms, 19.046 ms]	651.422 µs (3.6%)
code_origins	17.96 ms [17.78 ms, 18.14 ms]	-243.289 µs (-1.3%)
iast	17.617 ms [17.443 ms, 17.792 ms]	-585.75 µs (-3.2%)
profiling	18.476 ms [18.292 ms, 18.66 ms]	272.588 µs (1.5%)
tracing	18.04 ms [17.86 ms, 18.219 ms]	-163.316 µs (-0.9%)

candidate results

Variant	Request duration [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	18.076 ms [17.894 ms, 18.259 ms]	-
appsec	18.941 ms [18.749 ms, 19.132 ms]	864.548 µs (4.8%)
code_origins	18.327 ms [18.144 ms, 18.511 ms]	251.203 µs (1.4%)
iast	17.727 ms [17.553 ms, 17.901 ms]	-348.906 µs (-1.9%)
profiling	18.622 ms [18.434 ms, 18.81 ms]	545.603 µs (3.0%)
tracing	18.27 ms [18.089 ms, 18.451 ms]	193.626 µs (1.1%)

Dacapo

Parameters

	Baseline	Candidate
baseline_or_candidate	baseline	candidate
git_branch	master	dougqh/span-links-allocation
git_commit_date	1773312120	1773328264
git_commit_sha	`93c3816`	`40fc417`
release_version	1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062	1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7

See matching parameters

	Baseline	Candidate
application	biojava	biojava
ci_job_date	1773330241	1773330241
ci_job_id	1500802967	1500802967
ci_pipeline_id	102158397	102158397
cpu_model	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
kernel_version	Linux runner-zfyrx7zua-project-304-concurrent-0-i4qg0zp6 6.8.0-1031-aws #33~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 26 14:22:30 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux	Linux runner-zfyrx7zua-project-304-concurrent-0-i4qg0zp6 6.8.0-1031-aws #33~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 26 14:22:30 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Summary

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 10 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.

Execution time for tomcat

gantt
    title tomcat - execution time [CI 0.99] : candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062
    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section baseline
no_agent (1.474 ms) : 1463, 1486
.   : milestone, 1474,
appsec (3.844 ms) : 3621, 4067
.   : milestone, 3844,
iast (2.254 ms) : 2185, 2323
.   : milestone, 2254,
iast_GLOBAL (2.311 ms) : 2241, 2381
.   : milestone, 2311,
profiling (2.099 ms) : 2044, 2155
.   : milestone, 2099,
tracing (2.065 ms) : 2012, 2119
.   : milestone, 2065,
section candidate
no_agent (1.475 ms) : 1464, 1487
.   : milestone, 1475,
appsec (3.815 ms) : 3591, 4038
.   : milestone, 3815,
iast (2.258 ms) : 2189, 2327
.   : milestone, 2258,
iast_GLOBAL (2.3 ms) : 2230, 2369
.   : milestone, 2300,
profiling (2.527 ms) : 2360, 2693
.   : milestone, 2527,
tracing (2.077 ms) : 2023, 2131
.   : milestone, 2077,

baseline results

Variant	Execution Time [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	1.474 ms [1.463 ms, 1.486 ms]	-
appsec	3.844 ms [3.621 ms, 4.067 ms]	2.37 ms (160.8%)
iast	2.254 ms [2.185 ms, 2.323 ms]	779.925 µs (52.9%)
iast_GLOBAL	2.311 ms [2.241 ms, 2.381 ms]	836.663 µs (56.8%)
profiling	2.099 ms [2.044 ms, 2.155 ms]	625.234 µs (42.4%)
tracing	2.065 ms [2.012 ms, 2.119 ms]	591.001 µs (40.1%)

candidate results

Variant	Execution Time [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	1.475 ms [1.464 ms, 1.487 ms]	-
appsec	3.815 ms [3.591 ms, 4.038 ms]	2.339 ms (158.6%)
iast	2.258 ms [2.189 ms, 2.327 ms]	782.986 µs (53.1%)
iast_GLOBAL	2.3 ms [2.23 ms, 2.369 ms]	824.51 µs (55.9%)
profiling	2.527 ms [2.36 ms, 2.693 ms]	1.051 ms (71.3%)
tracing	2.077 ms [2.023 ms, 2.131 ms]	601.481 µs (40.8%)

Execution time for biojava

gantt
    title biojava - execution time [CI 0.99] : candidate=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~40fc417db7, baseline=1.61.0-SNAPSHOT~93c3816062
    dateFormat X
    axisFormat %s
section baseline
no_agent (14.891 s) : 14891000, 14891000
.   : milestone, 14891000,
appsec (14.848 s) : 14848000, 14848000
.   : milestone, 14848000,
iast (18.037 s) : 18037000, 18037000
.   : milestone, 18037000,
iast_GLOBAL (17.576 s) : 17576000, 17576000
.   : milestone, 17576000,
profiling (15.316 s) : 15316000, 15316000
.   : milestone, 15316000,
tracing (15.285 s) : 15285000, 15285000
.   : milestone, 15285000,
section candidate
no_agent (15.002 s) : 15002000, 15002000
.   : milestone, 15002000,
appsec (15.107 s) : 15107000, 15107000
.   : milestone, 15107000,
iast (18.244 s) : 18244000, 18244000
.   : milestone, 18244000,
iast_GLOBAL (17.942 s) : 17942000, 17942000
.   : milestone, 17942000,
profiling (15.008 s) : 15008000, 15008000
.   : milestone, 15008000,
tracing (14.983 s) : 14983000, 14983000
.   : milestone, 14983000,

baseline results

Variant	Execution Time [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	14.891 s [14.891 s, 14.891 s]	-
appsec	14.848 s [14.848 s, 14.848 s]	-43.0 ms (-0.3%)
iast	18.037 s [18.037 s, 18.037 s]	3.146 s (21.1%)
iast_GLOBAL	17.576 s [17.576 s, 17.576 s]	2.685 s (18.0%)
profiling	15.316 s [15.316 s, 15.316 s]	425.0 ms (2.9%)
tracing	15.285 s [15.285 s, 15.285 s]	394.0 ms (2.6%)

candidate results

Variant	Execution Time [CI 0.99]	Δ no_agent
no_agent	15.002 s [15.002 s, 15.002 s]	-
appsec	15.107 s [15.107 s, 15.107 s]	105.0 ms (0.7%)
iast	18.244 s [18.244 s, 18.244 s]	3.242 s (21.6%)
iast_GLOBAL	17.942 s [17.942 s, 17.942 s]	2.94 s (19.6%)
profiling	15.008 s [15.008 s, 15.008 s]	6.0 ms (0.0%)
tracing	14.983 s [14.983 s, 14.983 s]	-19.0 ms (-0.1%)

dougqh assigned PerfectSlayer Mar 12, 2026

dougqh requested a review from a team as a code owner March 12, 2026 15:12

dougqh requested a review from amarziali March 12, 2026 15:12

dougqh added type: enhancement Enhancements and improvements comp: core Tracer core tag: performance Performance related changes labels Mar 12, 2026

amarziali approved these changes Mar 12, 2026

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dougqh self-assigned this Mar 12, 2026

dougqh requested a review from PerfectSlayer March 12, 2026 15:18

amarziali reviewed Mar 12, 2026

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Avoid creation of empty CopyOnWriteArrayList for span links#10822

Avoid creation of empty CopyOnWriteArrayList for span links#10822
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