chore/fix: compare patch version in MinecraftVersion

[PierreSchwang]

Overview

Follow-up to #4871

Description

I've added a field for the patch version, but did not compare it yet (added afterwards, as I did not know that the newer versions actually have patch versions). Given patch versions are not relevant (yet), the current code is not inherently broken - just not fully correct.

• Added documentation on how (and if) patch version parts are provided.
• Use compareTo for object comparisions.
• Validate version parts (non-negative).
• Added basic tests for comparison methods (compareTo is implicitly tested).

Submitter Checklist

• Make sure you are opening from a topic branch (/feature/fix/docs/ branch (right side)) and not your main branch.
• Ensure that the pull request title represents the desired changelog entry.
• New public fields and methods are annotated with @since TODO.
• I read and followed the contribution guidelines.