fix(http): Improve exhausted 5xx retry errors

[devin-ai-integration]

Summary

Improve the user-facing error produced when HTTP server errors still fail after all retry attempts. Instead of surfacing the generic Something went wrong in the connector fallback through retry exhaustion, retry-exhausted HTTP 500/502/503/504 responses now emit deterministic API server status messages while preserving request URL, response code, and response text in the internal message.

Resolves https://github.com/airbytehq/airbyte-internal-issues/issues/16430
Related to https://github.com/airbytehq/oncall/issues/10694

Review & Testing Checklist for Human

• Confirm the new HTTP 5xx messages match the error-message guidelines and are appropriate for connector UI display.
• Confirm preserving e.failure_type for retry-exhausted server errors keeps the intended failure classification.
• Run a low-code connector scenario with repeated HTTP 500 responses to verify the trace message shown to users is specific.

Notes

• source-salesloft is manifest-only/low-code, but the vague fallback is emitted by shared CDK HttpClient when a retryable HTTP exception exhausts retries, so the fix is at the CDK layer.
• This is not a breaking change: it does not change connector specs, schemas, state format, or public interfaces. HTTP 5xx retry exhaustion remains transient_error.
• Local checks passed after addressing review feedback: poetry run ruff format --check airbyte_cdk/sources/streams/http/http_client.py unit_tests/sources/streams/http/test_http_client.py, poetry run ruff check airbyte_cdk/sources/streams/http/http_client.py unit_tests/sources/streams/http/test_http_client.py, and poetry run pytest unit_tests/sources/streams/http/test_http_client.py::test_send_with_retry_raises_specific_message_for_exhausted_server_error -q.
• The deprecated CHANGELOG.md entry was removed after review feedback.

Link to Devin session: https://app.devin.ai/sessions/482d9f86c837463ab9c1720d40640fff

[devin-ai-integration]

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[github-actions]

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# Run the CLI from this branch:
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[github-actions]

PyTest Results (Fast)

4 070 tests  +1   4 059 ✅ +1   7m 37s ⏱️ -7s
    1 suites ±0      11 💤 ±0 
    1 files   ±0       0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit 628a50e. ± Comparison against base commit f67a9d9.

♻️ This comment has been updated with latest results.

[github-actions]

PyTest Results (Full)

4 073 tests  +1   4 061 ✅ +1   10m 48s ⏱️ -9s
    1 suites ±0      12 💤 ±0 
    1 files   ±0       0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit 628a50e. ± Comparison against base commit f67a9d9.

♻️ This comment has been updated with latest results.

[devin-ai-integration]

The error message improvement suggestion was rejected by sophiecuiy on https://github.com/airbytehq/airbyte-internal-issues/issues/16430.

Rejection reason: "The replacement message still does not contain enough detail or remediation options."

Based on that feedback, this proposed fix should not be merged as-is. I opened a draft skill update PR to prevent similar false positives in future triage: https://github.com/airbytehq/ai-skills/pull/401

---

Devin session

[github-actions]

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Testing This CDK Version

You can test this version of the CDK using the following:

# Run the CLI from this branch:
uvx 'git+https://github.com/airbytehq/airbyte-python-cdk.git@devin/1778625884-http-retry-error-message#egg=airbyte-python-cdk[dev]' --help

# Update a connector to use the CDK from this branch ref:
cd airbyte-integrations/connectors/source-example
poe use-cdk-branch devin/1778625884-http-retry-error-message

PR Slash Commands

Airbyte Maintainers can execute the following slash commands on your PR:

• /autofix - Fixes most formatting and linting issues
• /poetry-lock - Updates poetry.lock file
• /test - Runs connector tests with the updated CDK
• /prerelease - Triggers a prerelease publish with default arguments
• /poe build - Regenerate git-committed build artifacts, such as the pydantic models which are generated from the manifest JSON schema in YAML.
• /poe <command> - Runs any poe command in the CDK environment

📚 Show Repo Guidance

Helpful Resources

• CDK API Reference

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[sophiecuiy]

/ai-review