Fix time partition boundary overflow handling

[Caideyipi]

Description

This patch fixes overflow-prone time partition boundary handling by making partition boundary calculations origin-aware and saturation-safe.

The main changes are:

• keep time partition origin/interval boundary state in TimePartitionUtils
• make partition start-time lookup and partition-start checks overflow-safe
• cap partition estimate calculations instead of overflowing
• use saturated arithmetic in TTL auto-clean partition boundary checks
• refresh partition boundary origin from storage engine configuration
• update related query and pipe realtime paths to use the shared boundary helper

Tests

• mvn -pl iotdb-core/node-commons -DskipTests compile
• mvn -pl iotdb-core/node-commons test currently fails during testCompile because CommitProgressKeeperTest references missing RegionProgress, WriterId, and WriterProgress symbols, which is unrelated to this change.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 96.66667% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 40.55%. Comparing base (c3e74a2) to head (8acf656).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...apache/iotdb/commons/utils/TimePartitionUtils.java	95.12%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master   #17893   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     40.54%   40.55%           
+ Complexity     2622     2620    -2     
=========================================
  Files          5244     5244           
  Lines        362367   362390   +23     
  Branches      46651    46659    +8     
=========================================
+ Hits         146938   146981   +43     
+ Misses       215429   215409   -20     

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
B Reliability Rating on New Code (required ≥ A)

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