Add LeetCode solutions: Contains Duplicate (217) & Longest Substring (3)

Go/longest-palindromic-substring.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// LeetCode Problem 5: Longest Palindromic Substring - Medium
+package main
+
+func longestPalindrome(s string) string {
+    if len(s) < 2 {
+        return s
+    }
+    start, maxLen := 0, 1
+    for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+        // Odd length palindromes
+        len1 := expandAroundCenter(s, i, i)
+        // Even length palindromes
+        len2 := expandAroundCenter(s, i, i+1)
+        len := max(len1, len2)
+        if len > maxLen {
+            maxLen = len
+            start = i - (len-1)/2
+        }
+    }
+    return s[start : start+maxLen]
+}
+
+func expandAroundCenter(s string, left, right int) int {
+    for left >= 0 && right < len(s) && s[left] == s[right] {
+        left--
+        right++
+    }
+    return right - left - 1
+}
+
+func max(a, b int) int {
+    if a > b {
+        return a
+    }
+    return b
+}

Go/majority-element.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// LeetCode Problem 169: Majority Element - Medium
+package main
+
+func majorityElement(nums []int) int {
+    count := 0
+    candidate := 0
+    for _, num := range nums {
+        if count == 0 {
+            candidate = num
+        }
+        if num == candidate {
+            count++
+        } else {
+            count--
+        }
+    }
+    return candidate

Go/roman-to-integer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// LeetCode Problem 13: Roman to Integer - Medium
+package main
+
+func romanToInt(s string) int {
+    romanMap := map[rune]int{
+        'I': 1,
+        'V': 5,
+        'X': 10,
+        'L': 50,
+        'C': 100,
+        'D': 500,
+        'M': 1000,
+    }
+    total := 0
+    for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
+        if i+1 < len(s) && romanMap[rune(s[i])] < romanMap[rune(s[i+1])] {
+            total -= romanMap[rune(s[i])]
+        } else {
+            total += romanMap[rune(s[i])]
+        }
+    }
+    return total

Go/valid-parentheses.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// LeetCode Problem 20: Valid Parentheses - Medium
+package main
+
+func isValid(s string) bool {
+    stack := []rune{}
+    pairs := map[rune]rune{')': '(', '}': '{', ']': '['}
+    for _, char := range s {
+        if pair, ok := pairs[char]; ok {
+            if len(stack) == 0 || stack[len(stack)-1] != pair {
+                return false
+            }
+            stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
+        } else {
+            stack = append(stack, char)
+        }
+    }
+    return len(stack) == 0
+}

Python/217_ContainsDuplicate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+"""
+217. Contains Duplicate
+Easy
+
+Given an integer array nums, return true if any value appears at least twice 
+in the array, and return false if every element is distinct.
+
+Constraints:
+- 1 <= nums.length <= 10^5
+- -10^9 <= nums[i] <= 10^9
+"""
+
+def containsDuplicate(nums):
+    """
+    Approach: Using HashSet
+    Time Complexity: O(n)
+    Space Complexity: O(n)
+
+    Uses a set to track seen numbers. If we encounter a number already in the set,
+    we have a duplicate.
+    """
+    seen = set()
+    for num in nums:
+        if num in seen:
+            return True
+        seen.add(num)
+    return False
+
+
+# Alternative approach using len comparison (more concise)
+def containsDuplicate_v2(nums):
+    """
+    Approach: Set length comparison
+    Time Complexity: O(n)
+    Space Complexity: O(n)
+
+    If there are duplicates, the set will have fewer elements than the list.
+    """
+    return len(nums) != len(set(nums))
+
+
+# Test cases
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Test case 1: Array with duplicate
+    assert containsDuplicate([1, 2, 3, 1]) == True
+    assert containsDuplicate_v2([1, 2, 3, 1]) == True
+
+    # Test case 2: Array without duplicate
+    assert containsDuplicate([1, 2, 3, 4]) == False
+    assert containsDuplicate_v2([1, 2, 3, 4]) == False
+
+    # Test case 3: Single element
+    assert containsDuplicate([1]) == False
+    assert containsDuplicate_v2([1]) == False
+
+    # Test case 4: Two elements with duplicate
+    assert containsDuplicate([1, 1]) == True
+    assert containsDuplicate_v2([1, 1]) == True
+
+    # Test case 5: Duplicate at end
+    assert containsDuplicate([99, 99]) == True
+    assert containsDuplicate_v2([99, 99]) == True
+
+    print("All test cases passed!")

Python/3_LongestSubstringWithoutRepeatingCharacters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""
+3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters
+Medium
+
+Given a string s, find the length of the longest substring
+without repeating characters.
+
+Constraints:
+- 0 <= s.length <= 5 * 10^4
+- s consists of English letters, digits, symbols and spaces.
+"""
+
+def lengthOfLongestSubstring(s):
+    """
+    Approach: Sliding Window with HashMap
+    Time Complexity: O(n)
+    Space Complexity: O(min(m, n)) where m is charset size
+
+    Use a sliding window approach with a hash map to track character positions.
+    When we encounter a repeating character, move the window start.
+    """
+    char_index = {}
+    max_length = 0
+    start = 0
+
+    for end in range(len(s)):
+        if s[end] in char_index and char_index[s[end]] >= start:
+            start = char_index[s[end]] + 1
+
+        char_index[s[end]] = end
+        max_length = max(max_length, end - start + 1)
+
+    return max_length
+
+
+# Test cases
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Test case 1: String with repeating characters
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("abcabcbb") == 3  # "abc"
+
+    # Test case 2: String with all unique characters
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("bbbbb") == 1  # "b"
+
+    # Test case 3: String with mix of characters
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("pwwkew") == 3  # "wke"
+
+    # Test case 4: Empty string
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("") == 0
+
+    # Test case 5: Single character
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("a") == 1
+
+    # Test case 6: All unique characters
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("abcdefg") == 7
+
+    # Test case 7: Space character
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("au") == 2
+
+    # Test case 8: Digits and symbols
+    assert lengthOfLongestSubstring("0123456789") == 10
+
+    print("All test cases passed!")