Add Support for Custom Alert Titles

[rdestefa]

Made an initial attempt at implementing support for custom titles in alerts (#429). I kept running into issues when trying to enhance the post processor because there's no access to an inline parser and it was susceptible to edge cases where inline nodes would overlap between the title and the body. For example:

> [!TIP] 2*2 = 4
> But 3*3 = 9

The *s would create an Emphasis node which made splitting out the title text difficult, when in reality those lines should be parsed separately. I decided to try and make a custom AlertBlockParser instead to have more control.

I'm not sure if this is the right approach, but it seemed to work well for me. A few things I noticed, though, with this new parser:

• Alert markers take precedence over link reference definitions. This is opposite of what GitHub does, but in line with what GitLab does. My guess is that this isn't intentional by GitHub, and just a side effect of how they post-process after initial parsing has completed. To me this seems like an extremely rare edge case, and it's more likely the author wanted an alert than a link if they put a marker in that specific spot.
• Currently lazy continuation is not allowed between the title and the body text, for example:

  > [!NOTE] Title
  Lazy body

  GitHub allows this, but GitLab doesn't. To me the latter seems correct because they are technically two separate nodes. This also seems to be in line with this part of the CommonMark spec. GitHub's support for this also seems unintentional and just a side-effect of it originally being parsed as BlockQuote > Paragraph, and the paragraph allows lazy continuation.
• This new parser has a configuration to allow alerts to be nested within other blocks (even other alerts). GitHub doesn't allow this, but GitLab does. I could also separate this out into a different PR.
• Should alerts without a body be allowed? For example:

  > [!NOTE]
  
  > [!NOTE] Title

  Currently it's not allowed. GitHub disallows this, but GitLab allows it.

[rdestefa]

@robinst If you have a chance would you be able to take a look at this PR? Thanks!

[robinst]

Nice work so far (and thanks for your patience)! Requested some changes, mainly around edge cases and preserving source position information.

[robinst]

Does GitLab do this? Seems like a strange edge case to support.

[rdestefa]

GitLab doesn't do this because they treat the entire title content as raw text instead of parsing inlines (example). It seems like supporting inlines makes sense, however, so I did that. When I was playing around with it I noticed this edge case where the title would render but appear empty since it's just an HTML comment. I could see someone writing something like:

> [!WARNING] <!-- Remove once this feature is GA -->
> This feature is experimental. Use at your own risk. 

If you don't think it's worth supporting though happy to remove.