Improve @throws {@link CustomError} handling

[Andarist]

closes #58599

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR improves the handling of the JSDoc @throws tag when a markdown or JSDoc link is used by centralizing the link-check logic and updating type expression parsing accordingly.

• Added a new test file to validate quick info baseline for @throws links.
• Refactored parser.ts to extract the markdown/JSDoc link check into the isMarkdownOrJSDocLink function.
• Updated both parseSeeTag and parseThrowsTag to conditionally bypass name expression and type expression parsing when a link is detected.

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

File	Description
tests/cases/fourslash/jsdocLink7.ts	Adds a test file to verify proper baseline quick info handling.
src/compiler/parser.ts	Refactors inline link detection logic into the isMarkdownOrJSDocLink function and updates tag parsing accordingly.

Files not reviewed (1)

• tests/baselines/reference/jsdocLink7.baseline: Language not supported

[Andarist]

@LukeAbby suggested @returns and @yields could use the same treatment. @yields isn't a specialized tag in TS today so I skipped that and I'm slightly on the fence when it comes to @returns. cc @sandersn

[typescript-bot]

With 6.0 out as the final release vehicle for this codebase, we're closing all PRs that don't fit the merge criteria for post-6.0 patches. If you think this was a mistake and this PR fits the post-6.0 patch criteria, please post to the 6.0 iteration issue with details (specifically, which PR and which patch criteria it satisfies).

Next steps for PRs:

• For crash bugfixes or language service improvements, PRs are currently accepted at the typescript-go repo
• Changes to type system behavior should wait until after 7.0, at which point mainline TypeScript development will resume in this repository with the Go codebase
• Library file updates (lib.d.ts etc) continue to live in this repo or the DOM Generator repo as appropriate