Avoid wrapping non-QIR targets for Cirq and Qiskit generic wrappers

azure-quantum/azure/quantum/cirq/service.py

@@ -96,6 +96,13 @@ def targets(
                 cirq_targets.append(target)
                 continue
 
+            # Only apply the generic QIR fallback to targets that advertise a QIR
+            # target profile. Providers like Pasqal use pulse-level input formats
+            # (e.g. pasqal.pulser.v1) that are incompatible with QIR submission.
+            # target_profile is None for non-QIR targets.
+            if not status.target_profile:
+                continue
+
             cirq_targets.append(
                 AzureGenericQirCirqTarget.from_target_status(
                     self._workspace, pid, status, **kwargs

azure-quantum/azure/quantum/qiskit/provider.py

@@ -143,6 +143,12 @@ def backends(self, name=None, **kwargs):
             if (target_id, pid) in existing_pairs:
                 continue
             status = status_by_target.get((target_id, pid))
+            # Only create a generic QIR backend for targets that advertise a QIR
+            # target profile. Providers like Pasqal use pulse-level input formats
+            # (e.g. pasqal.pulser.v1) that are incompatible with QIR submission.
+            # target_profile is None for non-QIR targets.
+            if status is not None and not status.target_profile:
+                continue
             backend_list.append(
                 AzureGenericQirBackend(
                     name=target_id,

azure-quantum/tests/mock_client.py

@@ -766,6 +766,21 @@ def _target(
                 ],
             }
         ),
+        # A non-QIR provider (no target_profile) that should never get a generic
+        # QIR backend/target wrapper — mirrors real-world Pasqal behavior.
+        ProviderStatus(
+            {
+                "id": "pasqal",
+                "currentAvailability": "Available",
+                "targets": [
+                    _target(
+                        target_id="pasqal.sim.emu-tn",
+                        num_qubits=100,
+                        target_profile=None,
+                    )
+                ],
+            }
+        ),
     ]
 
     ws._client.services.providers._store[:] = providers

azure-quantum/tests/test_cirq.py

@@ -233,6 +233,38 @@ def test_cirq_generic_to_cirq_result_drops_non_binary_shots_and_exposes_raw():
     )
 
 
+def test_cirq_service_targets_excludes_non_qir_target():
+    """Targets without a target_profile (e.g. Pasqal) must not be wrapped as
+    AzureGenericQirCirqTarget — they use pulse-level input formats incompatible
+    with QIR submission.
+    """
+    pytest.importorskip("cirq")
+    pytest.importorskip("cirq_ionq")
+
+    from azure.quantum.cirq.service import AzureQuantumService
+    from azure.quantum.cirq.targets.generic import AzureGenericQirCirqTarget
+
+    from mock_client import create_default_workspace
+
+    ws = create_default_workspace()
+    _freeze_workspace_client_recreation(ws)
+    service = AzureQuantumService(workspace=ws)
+
+    targets = service.targets()
+    target_names = [t.name for t in targets]
+
+    # The Pasqal target (target_profile=None) should be completely absent.
+    assert not any(
+        "pasqal" in name for name in target_names
+    ), f"Non-QIR Pasqal target unexpectedly appeared in service.targets(): {target_names}"
+    # Specifically, no AzureGenericQirCirqTarget should have been created for it.
+    assert not any(
+        isinstance(t, AzureGenericQirCirqTarget) and "pasqal" in t.name for t in targets
+    )
+    # QIR-capable targets should still be present.
+    assert any("microsoft.estimator" in name for name in target_names)
+
+
 def test_cirq_service_targets_discovers_provider_specific_and_generic_wrappers(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ):

azure-quantum/tests/test_qiskit.py

@@ -519,6 +519,23 @@ def test_qir_target_profile_from_deprecated_target_capability():
     assert "target_profile" not in input_params
 
 
+def test_generic_qir_backend_not_created_for_non_qir_target():
+    """Targets without a target_profile (e.g. Pasqal) must not receive an
+    AzureGenericQirBackend — they use pulse-level input formats incompatible
+    with QIR submission.
+
+    The default mock workspace already includes pasqal.sim.emu-tn with
+    target_profile=None via seed_providers in mock_client.py.
+    """
+    from qiskit.providers.exceptions import QiskitBackendNotFoundError
+
+    ws = create_default_workspace()
+    provider = AzureQuantumProvider(workspace=ws)
+
+    with pytest.raises(QiskitBackendNotFoundError):
+        provider.get_backend("pasqal.sim.emu-tn")
+
+
 def test_generic_qir_backend_created_for_unknown_workspace_target(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ):