v8: add heap profile API

[IlyasShabi]

This PR succeeds #60231 by @theanarkh and adds parameter support for heap sampling on both the main thread and workers.

[Qard]

cc @nodejs/diagnostics

[Qard]

Some DX and future-looking recommendations, but otherwise LGTM.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 93.60731% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.72%. Comparing base (b4387bd) to head (f3585b5).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/util.cc	85.71%	1 Missing and 8 partials ⚠️
src/node_v8.cc	91.17%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
lib/v8.js	95.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #62273      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.54%   89.72%   -1.83%     
==========================================
  Files         351      693     +342     
  Lines      147704   214205   +66501     
  Branches    23216    41079   +17863     
==========================================
+ Hits       135223   192193   +56970     
- Misses      12228    14086    +1858     
- Partials      253     7926    +7673     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/v8/heap_profile.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/internal/worker.js	96.61% <100.00%> (+0.24%)	⬆️
src/node_worker.cc	82.22% <100.00%> (ø)
src/node_worker.h	91.66% <ø> (ø)
src/util.h	91.20% <100.00%> (ø)
lib/v8.js	98.75% <95.00%> (-0.30%)	⬇️
src/node_v8.cc	82.30% <91.17%> (ø)
src/util.cc	87.22% <85.71%> (ø)

... and 455 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/71836/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/72003/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/72015/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/72032/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/72301/